850 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Mat 24, 1888. 



supposed to be poisonous, to whom a solution of the per- I do not suppose that they climb trees as a habit, in sport 



manga n ate was given internally and hypodermic in jec- ' or in search of prey, but merely to reach a place of safety 



tions were also employed; the ' patient'recovered. An- from pursuit. The first panther that I ever saw was 



other case is related by Dr. E. Bories, in the Polyclinict walking along the body of a pine tree about one foot in 



Fliiladclphia. 1833, I., 57, in which the patient was bitten diameter that had been blown down and layabout 



by a rattlesnake. Four hours after the bite one-half ten feet from the ground. I have since frequently seen 



grain of permauganate of potash was injected subcuta- their tracks where they had walked on timber high from 



neously and two grains were given internally every hour. 

 Ammonia was applied to the wouud and the patient re- 

 covered. 



Before leaving the subject of the permanganate, it may 

 be well to state de Lacerda's hypothesis of the action of 

 this salt as he himself communicates it in a letter to Dr. 

 Fayrer: "Passing now to the essential point of the dis- 

 cussion that took place in the Medical Society, I will give 

 in a few words how I comprehend and how I judge that 

 the efficacious effect of permanganate of potash should 

 be comprehended. You yourself, by experiments made 

 in 1869, recognized that permanganate of potash mixed 

 with the venom took from it its noxious properties. Cer- 

 tain conditions of the experiments led you, however, to 

 deny the efficacy of this chemical agent in the cases in 

 which the venom had been inoculated in the tissues. As 

 you know, however, I have demonstrated by numerous 

 experiments and innumerable clinical facts that the neu- 

 tralization takes place even in the midst of the tissues, 

 which makes this substance a chemical antidote of great 

 value. The permanganate of potash acts upon the venom, 

 destroying it in two ways: first as a powerful oxidizing 

 agent, second by the potash that forms the base of the 

 salt, passing a current of nascent oxygen through a con- 

 centrated solution of the venom, which loses entirely its 

 noxious properties. This experiment, which I have re- 

 peated many times, gave me always the same result. 

 Let us suppose now, then, an individual is bitten. If in- 

 jections are made in the place of the bite from five to ten 

 minutes after the inoculation of the venom, this is 

 promptly neutralized in situ and the individual runs no 

 further danger. A great number of facts have been ob- 

 served like this in Brazil. If aid is given late, hours 

 after the bite, when the tumefaction of the wounded 

 part is very pronounced and the phenomena that indicate 

 the entrance of the venom into the circulation have al- 

 ready declared themselves, injections repeated in various 

 parts of the wounded members parting from the wounds 

 made by the fangs of the reptiles still give very good re- 

 sults. Nor is it difficult to explain the good results in this 

 case. The v nom as I have said acts first locally and 

 only enters the general eirculation after the lapse of a 

 certain time, and by portions. The permanganate of pot- 

 ash meeting in the tissues with the venom, which is little 

 by little diffusing itself, neutralizes it in the various 

 points when it has been diffused and thus stops the source 

 of supply. The entrance of new and successive portions 

 of the venom into the general circulation being thus im- 

 peded, the organism takes charge of the elimination of 

 what has already been introduced and which was insuf- 

 ficient to compromise the life of the individual." 



It is only fair to add that the poison of the Bothrops 

 is much less venomous apparently than that of the cobra 

 and Crotalus, and ibis may account lor the good results 

 obtained by Dr. de Lace ran, but we should not forget 

 also that Mitchtll makes the statement that at least seven- 

 eighths of patients (bitten by the Crotalus) recover, and 

 that the mei e fact of their surviving can assuredly be 

 no test of the value of any particular form of treatment. 



Dr. E. R. Sisson. of New Bedford, Mass., sends to the 

 Tampa (Fla.) Journal this report of his successful treat- 

 ment of a dog bitten by a rattlesnake: 



"On March 1 my pointer Joe was bitten by a rattlesnake. 

 It being my custom, while hunting in Florida, to go pre- 

 pared for an emergency of this kind, and being present 

 at the time of the accident, I lost no time in applying the 

 treatment. 



"First, I pressed the wound to make it bleed as freely 

 as possible; then I sucked it; after this applied five drops 

 concentrated spirits of ammonia to the open wound, im- 

 mediately following by ten drops of the fluid extract of 

 jaborandi hypodermically, holding it in the puncture for 

 two minutes. After making these local applications to 

 destroy the action of the poison on the blood. I gave loz. 

 of whisky with a drop of the ammonia internally every 

 hour. After rhis, stopped the ammonia and gave whisky 

 and milk. Six ounces of milk to six teaspoonsful of 

 whisky, decreasing gradually the whisky for the first 

 twenty -four hours, as the circulation and strength im- 

 proved, when I stopped it altogether, and gave 6oz. of beef 

 tea, making the tea of Liebig's extract, usual strength, 

 alternately with the same quantity of milk, once in six 

 hours. This course was followed for sixty hours, when 

 the animal voluntarily took small pieces of fresh beef. 

 From this time on his improvement has been continual, 

 having hunted the dog twice within the last three days, 

 with all his usual vigor, and no loss in the strength of his 

 nose. 



"This is my first experience in the treatment of a rat- 

 tlesnake bite, and I give it to sportsmen for what it is 

 worth. 



"No treatment, in my opinion, will amount to much in 

 such a case, where the circulation is involved, unless 

 applied immediately and continued regularly for at least 

 seventy hours or more, with rest and freedom from all 

 excitement. E. R. Sisson, M.D." 



Dr. Yarrow advises us that Lieut.-Com. William P. 

 Randall , U. S. Navy, also vouches for the above. 



the ground. 

 Edwards, N, Y.. Mar 8. 



Jambs McKek. 



Editor Forest and Stream : 



In the fall of 1880, I treed a panther with a dog, and 

 saw it climb a tree. The tree was about 20in. through at 

 the butt, and about 80ft. high, and was a spruce tree. 

 The panther climbed to the top up in the limbs. I 

 usually shoot them in the brains, but this one I shot 

 through the body as I could not see his head. The pan- 

 ther fell from the top and struck a log about 6ft. from 

 the ground, and ran between 30 and 40ft. toward me. 

 I shot it the second time and broke its neck. That 

 is the only panther I ever saw climb. 



Hiram Hutchtns. 



CANTON, N. Y., May 8. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



In December. 1865, Chas. Marsh and myself, with two 

 dogs, treed a panther— a full grown female — on the moun- 

 tain north of Basout Point. I did not see her climb but 

 I saw her on the tree. It was a spruce, about 20in. 

 through. She had two kittens. Will Marsh got one of 

 them, after a day or two, and punched the other one 

 in to the rocks so far that he could not get him. 



John H. Ward. 



Fink, N. Y., May 9, 



Canadian Natural History.— We have received a 

 paper, extracted from the Transactions of the Royal Soci- 

 ety of Canada, "On Some Marine Invertebrate, dredged or 

 otherwise collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson, in 1855, on the 

 coast of British Columbia: with a supplementary list of a 

 few land and fresh-water shells, finhes, birds, etc., from 

 the same region." This report is by Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, 

 of the Geological Survey of Canada. The report em- 

 braces about 185 species of marine invertebrates. The 

 supplementary lists, so called, are lamentably meager, as 

 will be seen by the following enumeration: Fresh-water 

 shells, 1; land shells, 4; fishes, 8; batrachia, 1; ophidia, 1; 

 birds, 20; mammals, 4. Mr. Whiteaves, we believe, is 

 zoologist of the Canadian Survey. 



give the satisfaction that it always does when properly 

 loaded. Th is is caused by the fact that, inasmuch as some 

 90 per cent, of all black powders used in gunnery in this 

 country are of a low, cheap grade, heavier charges by far 

 are generally used than in England, where the higher 

 grades of powders predominate for shotgun use. We find 

 that frjdrs. of our black powders are considered but an 

 ordinary load for 12-gauge guns, and the same will be 

 used of Schultze, whereas in England 42grs. , or 3drs. , 

 are the standard charge and sufficient for all o dinary 

 purposes. Our 10-gauge guns are made to sing to the 

 tune of 4£ and 5drs. of FG powders, and the Schultze 

 will in many instances be used in the same way, when 

 black shoulders, if nothing worse, can tell the story. 



Mistakes will also be made by confounding the Schultze 

 with the old American wood powder. The latter had to 

 be well primed and used in heavy quantities and rammed 

 to perform well, 4drs. for 12-bore, 5drs. for 10-bore being 

 the favorite loads. The Schultze powder on the contrary 

 should not be rammed, the wads needing only a firm 

 hand pressure, and 3 and 4drs. will give the corresponding 

 results of 4 and 5drs. of the former. 



To prevent future occurrences like "Amateur's" un- 



{deasant experience I here give the proper manner of 

 oading the Schultze powder: The correct average charges 

 for 16-bores are from 2 to 2idrs., for 12-bore 2f to 3£drs., 

 for 10-bores 3| to 4drs. For extra heavy good guns a 

 little more might be taken. Use the new strong primers, 

 if not procurable fill the cap hole in bottom of shell with 

 fine grain of black powder, and then put charge of 

 Schultze on top. Put first a common card wad on powder 

 and press firmly down with your hand, then add two, 

 three or four pink or black edge wads in same manner. 

 Use the shot and crimp as ordinarily. 



When so loaded nobody can fail to receive the best of 

 results and satisfaction from the use of Schultze powder. 



For "Amateur's" information I add that the members 

 of the Country Club use 3 and 4drs. of Schultze powder in 

 both English and strong primer American shells without 

 priming of black powder. Justus von Lengerke. 



PANTHERS CLIMB TREES. 



OUR correspondent from Rifle Creek, Colorado, is 

 probably satisfied by this time that mountain lions 

 or panthers (Fel'is concolor) do sometimes climb trees. The 

 letters which we print this week from old hunters of the 

 Adirondack region contain interesting testimony on this 

 point. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



The query ' 'if the panther or American cougar (Felis 

 concolor) can and does climb trees" can only be answered 

 definitely by the person who has seen the creature per- 

 form the feat. From the structure of the animal I have 

 no doubt of their ability to do so; but I have not seen it 

 either in the act of climbing or up the tree. I have been 

 told by several men whose word I do not doubt, such as 

 Charles Marsh, Micajah Ackerman, A. L. Greenfield, 

 Jesse Irish, William C. Hall and Alanson Curtis of them 

 having each of them at different times killed panthers in 

 trees, where they had driven them with their dogs. Now 



\umt §ag mid 



SCHULTZE POWDER. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



"Amateur," in the issue of April 19 of your valuable 

 paper, gives his experience with Schultze powder and 

 states that he has not been able to get as close patterns 

 with it as with black, and that the recoil of the charge 

 used was unpleasantly heavy. With your kind permis- 

 sion I would like to reply to "Amateur;" and as many 

 sportsmen when first trying Schultze powder go wrong 

 and use it in the same manner that "Amateur" has, I 

 hope my article may be of general interest. "Amateur" 

 states that his favorite load is 3£drs. of FFG dead shot 

 powder in his 7^lbs. 12-bore Clabrough gun, and states 

 that he tried 3^drs. of Schultze with a priming of black 

 powder, 3 pink-edge wads and l|oz. of shot. In the first 

 place. Schultze powder should not be classed with any of 

 the cheap grades of black powder, because it is consider- 

 ably stronger, both as regards the rropelling force, 

 accumulative energy, as well as in initial pressure. When 

 comparing Schultze powder with black, you will have to 

 compare it with the highest cost and strongest black 

 powders. The standard black powder for shotgun use in 

 England is Curtis & Harvey diamond grain No. 4, and the 

 Schultze powder is made to conform to the action of this 

 powder as near as possible. While the Schultze powder 

 gives full as high a velocity to the shot as No. 4 black, 

 the pattern is generally better, while the bursting or 

 initial pressure is somewhat Jess. The reason for this is 

 that the initial combustion is slower than that of No. 4 

 black powder, whereas it develops a larger volume of gas 

 on account of a more perfect and complete combustion 

 throughout the length of the barrel, sending the shot 

 with greater velocity out of the mnzzle. 



The lower grades of black powder have not near the 

 initial or bursting pressure of high grades of black powder, 

 nor do they give the same velocity to the charge as either 

 Schultze or high grades of black. Owing to this fact 

 they will always give less recoil. Schultze powder, when 

 properly loaded, though not giving the heavy long blow 

 of the best black powders, load for load, does give quite 

 a sharp noticeable recoil, and although an advantage of 

 less recoil might be claimed by the manufacturers, it is 

 not considered of importance, as recoil will always be 

 more or less governed by the force of the powder charge 

 in a gun. 



The cause of "Amateur's" excessive recoil is therefore 

 very plain and natural. In the first place, 3|drs. (48grB.) 

 of Schultze in a 7^1bs. 12-bore gun is a very heavy charge, 

 but without priming of black powder will not give as 

 much recoil as 3^drs. of black powder of many kinds. 

 However, when priming with black you will greatly in- 

 crease the recoil because the initial velocity and explo- 

 sion will be the same as of black and add to that of the 

 Schultze, in many instances spoiling the pattern. Priming 

 with black powder will be found necessary for best re- 

 sults with the ordinary American primers, but care should 

 be taken that no more is used than fills the cap hole in 

 the bottom of the shell, or if a little more is used a cor- 

 responding reduction of charge of Schultze powder should 

 be made. 



However, there is no need for priming- with black 

 powder when using the new strong American primers, 

 which are of corresponding force as the standard English 

 caps. With these the Schultze fires as promptly as black 

 powder, without the least idea of a slow or hang fire. 



The introduction of Schultze powder has to battle with 

 several difficulties, such as related by "Amateur," on 

 account of not being properly handled. Excessive charges 

 will be used, too much black powder will be put in the 

 bottom of the shells, the powder will be rammed and 

 loaded in many other and improper manners, and not 



THE MONROE MARSH CASE. 



THE case from the first has been a most stubborn, one, 

 and fought with the determination on both sides of 

 men who sought their rights against usurpers. As bef ere 

 stated the Court stood three in favor to two against the 

 company. This week we present an equally full and ex- 

 haustive opinion of the minority of the Court submitted 

 by Judge Campbell. The opinions of these gentlemen 

 will undoubtedly receive a careful perusal, if for no 

 other reason than to see how far men supposed to be well 

 versed in the fundamental principles of law can honestly 

 differ: 



The action is one of trespass and not of canse and is in the 

 form trespass quarc clausum fregit. It avers the tortious entry 

 on a close covered with water— breaking down and destroying the 

 wild rice and grass there growing, and shooting at, wounding and 

 killing and frightening away the wild ducks and otnerganie there 

 resting and feeding. 



While I do not myself regard the question of title to the bottom 

 of the bay in question as material under the facts, yet inasmuch 

 as it is the starting point of the plantiff's theoretical claim, and 

 has been discussed it may be worth some attention. 1 think there 

 is some doubt whether the plaintiff, who claims under some 

 supposed trust conveyances, represents under our statute of useB 

 and trusts the title delivered from the State, even if valid. There 

 was testimony which contradicted the whole claim of title or in 

 any of his grantors, which should in any event have gone to the 

 jury. 



The place where defendant is claimed to have done what is 

 complained of is a bay now opening on Lake Erie and not seri- 

 ously denied to be navigable in fact and used more or less as a 

 water way. * * * There is an abundance of tea imouy that for 

 many years past the bay has been connected with Lake Erie by a 

 opening, much larger than that at the mouth of some of the con- 

 siderable bays along the Great Lakes. And there is a erood deal 

 of reason to suppose that if this entrance was ever closed up it- 

 was by a sand bar and not by firm land. That it is now navigable 

 water was held by the Court below and canuot be reasonably dis- 

 puted. But as some of the testimony bears upon I lie legality of 

 plaintiff's title, not only to this water, but also ,to the land lying 

 near it, a reference may be bad to the facts. 



it appears from the record that in 1810 Aaron Greeley, the United 

 States surveyor of private claims, in advance of any of the regular 

 linear surveys, surveyed the private claim No. 5i2andincludedall 

 the territory in question in that survey. Tbere is no evidence 

 that this survey was ever lawfully changed. The private claims 

 confirmed were those which Congress provided for confirming in 

 accordance with Jay's treaty, and at the time of this survey thore 

 was no statute preventing claimants from having all their old 

 possessions con firmed, as this seems to have been. By that sur- 

 vey that claim extended all the way to Lake Erie from the River 

 Raisin and left no land east 01 ir. it would have been contrary to 

 tho French usages not to make it reach the open water. That this 

 plat was subsequently tampered with is shown by tome marks on 

 the reduced copy of the township map made long after. But there 

 is no evidence that the survey was ever altered, and it is clear it 

 could not have been. In 1819, when there could have been no 

 power in the Land Department to deprive the owners of their 

 land, a survey was made by William Ives, purporting to cover 

 the easterly part of what was included in claim 513, and in the 

 survey of land and water the plaoe in controversy here was 

 marked as a part of a fractional section. * * * The map made 

 up in the General Land Office is not produced except in reduced 

 form. As reduced, Lowever, there are several islands marked, 

 and named as such, scattered over the space inside the sandbar, 

 indicatin:? at least tbat the surface was watei and not land, and 

 the so-called sand beach is itself marked betweeu parallel lines 

 In a way not usual m depicting uncovered laud. There is nothing 

 to break the water surface near the spot in question. * * * 

 Between 1850 and 1882 the testimony tends to show, if it does not 

 snow conclusively, that this tract had become open water, what- 

 ever it had been before, and was recognized and used as such. In 

 1882 some oue procured this assumed land, which was then what 

 it is now, to be patented to the State as swamp lands, and a few 

 months thereafter plaintiff and his associates procured a patent 

 of it from the State Land Office. But as already suggested, the 

 proof is that before the public surveys and more tnan tureo- 

 quarters of a century ago, this land, if it is land, had been con- 

 firmed to private claimants and ceased to be public lands. Had 

 this been otherwise I am unable to see by what authority the open 

 waters of a navigable bay become liable to treatment as swamp 

 lands. There is no decision, which has been brought to our 

 uotice, which authorizes any official either of the United States 

 or of the State of Michigan, to convey navigable water as laud. 

 Swamp and overflowed lands have been defined with some care, 

 but no definition has been broad enough to cover open waters 

 which f rm part of our great lakes and are not to be distinguished 

 from auv other part of those waters. * * * The State consti- 

 tution prohibits interference with navigable water in express 

 terms. * * * If plaintiff did not own the land under the water 

 he could not complain of anything whatever done upon the bay. 

 But in the view I take of the case, I do not think it makes any 

 difference who owns the bed of this bay, so far as defendant's 

 conduct is concerned, inasmuch as it is admitted to be navigable 

 iu the full sense of the term, ******* 



It is everywhere admitted that originally the common law con- 

 cerning the capture of wild creatures was in substance the same 

 as the civil law, and tbat the restrictions arose out of the feudal 

 and royal encroachments. If so then it is easy to see that fishing 

 in public streams was a common right. So far as all wild animals 

 are concerned the early text winters make no difference between 

 beasts, fish and fowl, and are uniform in holding that in all cases 

 they belong to tho captor. 



It is the law of this State that the riparian owner on any kind 

 of water has presumptively the right to such uses in the shores 

 and bed of the stream as are compatible with the public rights if 

 any exist. * * * In streams purely private the enjoj T ment of 

 rights in the bed of the stream is very important. * * * Every 



