Forest and Stream. 



A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 



Terms, $4 A Yeah. 10 Cts, A Copy. I 

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NEW YORK, JUNE 2 8 



, 1888. 



J VOL. XXX.— No. 33. 



1 No. 318 Broadway, New ^ork. 





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CONTENTS. 



Editorial. 



Trout Culture by States. 



Chemistry of Poisoning hy 

 Snake Venom. 



Snap Shots. 

 The Sportsman Tourist. 



Vacation (poetry). 



To the Chossahowilzka River. 



Sam Lovers Camps.— xi. 

 Naturae History. 



Wrens in a Coffee-Pot . 



.ray, Pigeon, Camera. 



Grouse in Captivity. 



A Visit to Audubon's Home. 



"Voices of the Night" (poetry). 

 Game Bag and Gun. 



Game Seasons. 



A Wounded Buck. 



Yellowstone Park Petition. 



Game Notes. 

 Sea and River Fishing. 



A Trip to Sunapee. 



A Trout Fisher's Paradise. 



The Trout Hog. 



Catfish ing in Illinois. 



New England Trout Waters. 



Sea and River Fishing. 



The Bangor Pool. 

 Fishculture, 



Work of the Grampus. 



New York Fish Commission. 

 The Kennel. 



Field Trial Rules. 



Nights with the Coons. 



American Kennel Register. 



Dog Talk. 



Kennel Notes. 

 RiEle and Trap Shootino. 



Range and Gallery. 



The Paine-Bennett Protest. 



The Missouri State Shoot. 



The Trap. 



The Newark Tournament . 

 Oanoeing. 



The W. C. A. Meet, 

 Yachting. 



New York Y. C. Regatta, 



Seawanhaka C. Y. C. 



Experimental Craft for Sea 

 Voyages. 



Racing Notes. 

 Answers to Correspondents. 



TROUT CULTURE BY STATES. 



IN another column will be found some remarks on the 

 culture of trout by the State of New York, and the 

 views of Commissioner Blackford thereon. The remarks 

 will apply to other States as well, and are therefore of 

 general interest. When New York began to distribute 

 trout the work was confined to public streams, or streams 

 in which the fishing was open to all, but now the fry are 

 sent to waters which are not open to the public, being 

 controlled by clubs or individuals, and there are ob- 

 jections to this disposition of the State funds. In almost 

 every State inhabited by trout there are fishculturists 

 who can supply the fish needed by private persons or 

 , lub ; ;, and to them should be left this portion of the work. 



At the conference of Fish Commissioners in Detroit, 

 last month, the policy of New York in devoting its ener- 

 gies to trout culture, to the neglect of Lake Ontario, was 

 attacked (see report in oar issue of May 24), and the 

 caustic remarks of the president of the Michigan Board 

 were brief but just, and indicated the prevailing senti- 

 ment that trout breeding should not be the sole end and 

 aim of fishculture. The advances in the science of breed- 

 ing fish have rendered it possible to carry on operations 

 on a scale not dreamed of a dozen years ago, and most of 

 the States which have kept up with the advance are now 

 engaged in propagating the food fishes and letting the 

 sportsman share in the increase, instead of making sport 

 the main object. 



Mr. Blackford, whose remarks are quoted elsewhere, 

 has struck the key-note, and, if his colleagues agree with 

 him, the field of fishculture in his State will broaden. 

 New York has had more generous appropriations than 

 any other State, and therefore more is expected of her. 

 But many obsolete methods are retained, such as the old- 

 fashioned floating box for shad hatching, on which the 

 State still pays a royalty, when a barge fitted with pumps 

 and modern appliances, manned by several experts, 

 could move from place to place on the Hudson and ac- 

 complish ten times as much. Some new blood is needed 

 Jn order to get greater results, and to bring fishculture iu 



New York out of the rut in which it lias run. The dis- 

 tribution of a few million trout, shad and whitefish, sup- 

 plemented with a bushel of "bullheads" is not enough in 

 these days. Lake Ontario and Long Island Sound are 

 broader fields, the establishment of a corral for salmon 

 on the Hudson where spawn can be taken, now that the 

 river is stocked with them, demands consideration, and 

 there is urgent need of active men to carry out these 

 projects and to put fishculture in New York on a higher 

 and broader plane. 



SNAP SHOTS. 



TT is a subject of profound regret that the late Joseph 

 Goater left this earth when he did, before he had an 

 opportunity to supplement his researches into the natural 

 history of Boon Gar Arrahbiggee by a study of the 

 wonders of creation in our own land. He might, for 

 example, have given us a more detailed account than 

 appears in the daily papers of the "wingless flying snake 1 ' 

 of Darlington county, South Carolina, which was beheld 

 by two girls speechless and spellbound, as it moved 

 silently and majestically through the air. Goater's 

 pencil, too, might have given us some satisfactory con- 

 ception of the whale which was discovered in Lake 

 Winona, Michigan, now leaping twenty feet into the air, 

 and again burrowing into the bottom with its head ever 

 pointing due north. While in the West Mr. Goater 

 might also have secured the hoopsnake recently captured 

 by George Milton, of Floris, Iowa. This snake rolled 

 down the hill, after the orthodox manner of hoop- 

 snakes, and struck Mr. Milton's plow with its tail; it was 

 captured and now reposes in alcohol. 



The New York game law has a clause relating to 

 " galli mules," the framers evidently having in mind 

 gallinules. This is almost equalled by the Michigan 

 provision relating to " muffled" grouse, which in turn is 

 corrected to read " ruffled " grouse by the compiler of the 

 printed laws sent out by the game warden. The text of 

 the Ohio law has it "ruffled" grouse. The Vermont law 

 recognizes the term "woodcock" as a name for the ruffed 

 grouse, but in another clause provision is made for the 

 woodcock properly so called. The New York law forbids 

 transportation of any "wild deed," and it uses the adverb 

 "either" applied to "the counties of this State," which is 

 enough to make old Lindley Murray turn over in his 

 grave. The game laws give evidence of a large degree 

 of shiftlessness, but perhaps they are no worse than other 

 statutes. The courts have held that such errors as 

 "ruffled" for "ruffed" and "deed" for "deer" do not in- 

 validate the law. 



Dog shows promise to be all the rage next year, if we 

 may judge from the number of fixtures already an- 

 nounced. The New Jersey Kennel Club is first on the 

 list so far, with dates of Feb. 12 to 15. After this there 

 will be a show each week during hat and the following 

 month, making seven in all. The first or second week in 

 April for the past four years has been the date for Boston, 

 and one or the other will probably be selected by the 

 club for the coming year if they decide to hold a show, 

 but nothing has been heard from them yet. Other shows 

 are being talked up at several places, and there is a strong 

 probability that each week during the months of April 

 and May will have its show, and the season may continue 

 even longer. 



The growing interest in buffalo preservation and do- 

 mestication lends unusual interest to each item under 

 this head. The recent capture of the calves by Mr. C. J. 

 Jones in Texas, which we recorded a few weeks since, is 

 important, and so is the arrival in Washington of the 

 bull and cow presented by Mr. Blackford to the zoologi- 

 cal collection of the U. S. National Museum. It is re- 

 ported that the buffalo owned by the Wild West show, 

 which is now performing at Staten Island, have this 

 spring produced five calves, which are doing well. There 

 still remains in America the foundation for a stock of 

 domesticated buffalo, and it is to be hoped that this stock 

 will not be allowed to run out. 



The newly amended deer hunting law in the State of 

 New York prescribes the period from Aug. 15 to Nov. 1, 

 for the open season, as formerly, and makes the hound- 

 ing season from Sept. 1. to Oct. 20. which is an extension 

 of fifteen days. 



CHEMISTRY OF POISONING BY SNAKE VENOM. 

 r pHE series of papers by Dr. H. C. Yarrow on the treat- 

 -*~ ment of snake bite which we have just brought to a 

 close, have been read, with a great deal of interest both by 

 the medical profession and the public generally. Every 

 one is anxious to believe that although from the earliest 

 ages man has sought in vain for an antidote to the 

 noxious and too frequently fatal effects of serpent venom, 

 nature has nevertheless elaborated a remedy somewhere 

 in her secret recesses, and that persistent experiment only 

 is necessary to its discovery. We must confess to a cer- 

 tain measure of disappointment that Dr. Yarrow, who 

 took up the investigation of permanganate of potash, 

 laid it aside without throwing any fresh light on the 

 chemistry of its action in snake poisoning. As far as his 

 experiments went, they appear to discredit the results 

 reached by Lacerda, but his experiments can hardly be 

 accepted as conclusive. Lacerda insisted that if the 

 venom were administered in glycerine instead of in water 

 the action of the permanganate would be negatived. The 

 same conclusions were reached by Dr. Eichards from his 

 experiments, and the fact insisted on by Dr. Yarrow, that 

 the permanganate has not the same action on venom in 

 the system that it has in the laboratory, lends at least 

 such a measure of plausibility to the view that glycerine 

 may prove a disturbing agent under some conditions, as 

 to render it desirable to settle the question definitely by 

 further experiment. But for reasons given below we 

 have not much faith in the efficacy of the permanga- 

 nate after the poison has been absorbed in the system, ex- 

 cept as an antiseptic for local employment. But if Dr. 

 Yarrow has failed to throw any light on the chemical re- 

 actions of the poison in the system, he appears to have 

 discovered in jaborandi or its active principles a physio- 

 logical remedy of greater value than any hitherto known 

 to the profession, but whether and to what extent snake 

 poisoning will yield to purely physiological remedies is a 

 point on which an opinion, to be of any value, must be 

 based on a. knowledge of the very complicated effects re- 

 sulting from the reception of venom into the system. 



Hitherto the treatment of snake bite has been purely 

 empirical, and for the information of such of our readers 

 as may not understand the term, it may be explained 

 that it is used as meaning "experimental" in contradistinc- 

 tion to "scientific," and implies that the physician not 

 knowing the mode of action of the poison in the system, 

 employs in turn every conceivable remedy, until by ex- 

 perimental tests he finds one which acts beneficially. 

 But Dr. Weir Mitchell's investigation into the chemical 

 composition and character of venom, and into the physi- 

 ological action of the poison upon the system, has erected 

 a platform from which it is possible to make generaliza- 

 tions which may guide us in the direction of further re- 

 search for remedial agents, and our generalizations lead 

 us to infer that while physiological remedies are capable 

 of playing an important part in freeing the system from 

 the effects of the venom, their field of usefulness is lim- 

 ited, and that the successful treatment of the more serious 

 cases depends on the possibility of arresting the spread of 

 decomposition set up by the venom. 



Dr. Weir Mitchell's ably conducted investigations into 

 the chemical character of snake venoms show that they 

 consist mainly of various proteid substances belonging to 

 two classes, peptones and globulines. All snake venoms 

 appear to contain peptones and globulines, but the pro- 

 portions are very varied, the cobra venom having a con- 

 siderable preponderance of peptone, and the rattlesnake 

 an equally marked preponderance of globuline. Injected 

 into a vein, the one is as deadly as the other, but injected 

 into the tissues the globuline expends the greater portion 

 of its energy in creating local disturbance, while the pep- 

 tones pass into the circulation and distribute their action 

 over the whole system, including the vital organs. Float- 

 ing in the viscid fluid of which the venom consists, are 

 numerous micrococci, which Dr. Weir Mitchell succeeded 

 in filtering out, and propagating in bouillon. Thus 

 purged of their surrounding venom they were introduced 

 into the circulation of birds and rabbits without creating 

 any disturbance. The venom deprived of them was as 

 active as before, clearly demonstrating that the micro- 

 cocci play no part in producing the effects incident to 

 snake venom, which are entirely the results of chemical 

 reactions. In its general character snake venom is very 

 nearly akin to the saliva of man and other warm-blooded 

 animals. 



Following Dr. Weir Mitchell's experiments on the 

 effects of the venom on the system, it appears that if a 



