20 University of California. [Vol. i. 



underlying granite was affected by the movements which folded the 

 sedimentary rock. The structure of the latter in bedded sheets per- 

 mits of a folding which is not possible in the granite without intense 

 crushing throughout the mass. In the absence of this crushing 

 it would appear, a priori, that the stress which affected the granite 

 during the folding of the superincumbent strata could only have 

 been relieved by faulting and shearing. The observed facts also 

 warrant this belief. At the contact of the sandstone and granite it 

 is evident at several places that faulting has occurred, and the shear- 

 ing to which the granite has been subjected is well exhibited at 

 Malpaso Canon, as illustrated in Plate 2, Fig. i. 



The second area of the Carmelo series in order of importance is 

 at the north end of Carmelo Bay, and is well and continuously ex- 

 posed between Sunium and Pescadero Points. The rocks here are 

 the same tawny thin-bedded sandstones and heavy -bedded conglom- 

 erates. In the eastern portion of the section the structure is not 

 very apparent, owing to the coarseness of the conglomerates and 

 the thickness of the beds. The formation is here seemingly flat, or 

 but gently undulating. To the westward of the little creek which 

 enters the bay at the Chinese village, however, the structure becomes 

 clearly recognizable and is of a very definite character. The strike 

 of the rocks from here to Pescadero Point is uniformly northwest 

 and southeast and the dip is constantly southwest at angles which 

 range from 15 to 22°,but on the«average do not much exceed 15 . 

 The strata having this attitude may be followed across the strike 

 without a break to the granite of Pescadero Point, towards which they 

 dip. Here at a small cove on the east side of the point they abut 

 squarely on the granite, having been let down against it by a sharp 

 fault. The trend of this fault is apparently the same as the strike 

 of the rocks. The section affords an excellent opportunity for ob- 

 taining a minimum value for the thickness of the series, and also 

 for measuring approximately the amount of the downthrow on the 

 fault. Estimates based on careful plotting give a value for the thick- 

 ness of 725 feet, a figure which agrees very well with that obtained 

 from the section on the south side of Carmelo Point. The amount 

 of the downthrow is at least 850 feet. The relations are shown in 

 the profile section C-C', Plate 1. 



