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The source of the greatness of new york 30 



Introductory statements 30 



Favorable natural conditions 32 



Artificial modifications 33 



Why water powers are less reliable now than formerly 33 



The variation in water yield 38 



Value of water to industries .- 39 



The relation of the mountains to the river valleys 40 



Rivers and lakes of the Adirondack plateau ' 44 



The great forest as a stream conservator 45 



Data of climate in new york 46 



The division of the State into climatic areas 49 



Description of meteorological tables 52 



Division of the year into storage, growing and replenishing periods. . 80 



The relation of rainfall to runoff 82 



Rainfall 83 



Cause of rainfall 83 



Measurement of rainfall 84 



Determination of minimum rainfall 86 



Is rainfall increasing? 87 



Relation of rainfall to altitude 87 



Increase of runoff with increase of rainfall 92 



Genesee river 92 



Hudson river 93 



Croton river 94 



Average rainfall in the State of New York 95 



Length of time required to make good a series of rainfall records . . 95 



Minimum precipitation in New York 97 



Runoff 105 



The laws of stream flow 105 



Units of measurement 106 



Characteristics of the minimum runoff 107 



Division of streams into classes 108 



Estimation of runoff, from rainfall diagrams 109 



Storage in lakes 110 



Seneca basin Ill 



Oneida basin Ill 



Oswego basin Ill 



Computation of the annual runoff 113 



Discrepancies in the computation of runoff 113 



Actual gagings preferable to general studies 113 



Formulas for runoff 115 



Maximum discharge formulas 116 



Coefficient table for representative areas 117 



Cooley's formulas 117 



Danger of using averages 118 



