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from the water of the brook, which was on the surface. Again, 

 the flow here was through coarse gravel. 



Moreover, we may consider the origin of those bodies of fresh 

 water which sometimes rise up in the sea, as in the Mediterranean 

 near Genoa, the Persian Gulf and in the Gulf of Mexico. It is 

 stated that in two of these cases the flow is so great as to permit 

 of ships taking water. In the Gulf of Mexico the water surface 

 over the outflow is stated to be several feet higher than the sur- 

 rounding sea. 



In the literature of canal construction there are a number of 

 cases cited in which large losses of water have taken place either 

 through coarse gravel or seanry rocks. Doubtless there are numer- 

 ous other cases, which, however, are not specially important, for 

 it is the writer's intention only to point out, in a general way, 

 reasons why such losses may sometimes take place. 



The outflow from Skanea teles lake has been cited as showing 

 a large loss, presumably by percolation through strata, but on 

 reference to the original authority it is clear enough that an 

 error has been made in so citing it, because the flow measured 

 was really through 9 miles of natural channel and 8 miles of 

 canal, to Montezuma. It may be mentioned that the problem to 

 be determined by this measurement was the discharge into Seneca 

 river and it is quite possible that there may have been a deficiency 

 from the west. 



Skaneateles lake lies at an elevation of 867 feet above tide- 

 water and a distance of about 9 miles south of the Erie canal, 

 for which it has been used as a feeder since 1844. In 1859 Mr 

 S. II. Sweet made measurements of the flow to the canal and 

 through the same to Montezuma, where the surplus water is dis- 

 charged into Seneca river, to which it was found to deliver 125 

 cubic feet per second. Measurements were also made at the foot 

 of the lake, where the flow amounted to 188 cubic feet per second. 

 The loss was 63 cubic feet per second, or one-third of the whole. 

 Skaneateles lake itself lies in the Hamilton formation, and its 

 outlet, on its way to the Brie canal, flows across the Onondaga, 

 Oriskany, Helderberg and Salina formal ions. The dip is here 



