HYDROLOGY OF NEW YORK 



345 



which is deep and without current, admits of slack-water naviga- 

 tion, forming a part of Oswego canal. This canal enters at Mud 

 lock, five miles below Baldwinsville. There is also a towpath 

 along Seneca river, admitting of the passage of boats through a 

 lock into and above the dam at Baldwinsville. The Baldwins- 

 ville pond is navigable for a few miles. 



Water is diverted at Baldwinsville through power canals. 

 Power is used at ten mills, having a total of forty water wheels. 

 Owing to leakage of the water wheels and penstocks, some diffi- 

 culty has 'been experienced in securing accurate results during 

 low water at Baldwinsville, but in 1901 repairs were made to a 

 number of penstocks and Avater wheels, considerably reducing the 

 leakage. When this station was originally established the leak- 

 age was taken at 100 cubic feet per second. This quantity was 

 added to the computed flow over the dam and through the water 

 wheels. The following cut shows a section of the dam on Seneca 

 river at Baldwinsville: 



Fig. 23 Cross-section of dam on Seneca river at Baldwinsville. 



Geologically the Seueca river lies in the horizon of the Salina 

 group, with its tributaries to the south rising into the lower and 

 upper Helderberg and Hamilton shales. The extreme headwaters 

 are in the Portage and Chemung groups. 



Discharge measurements of Skaneateles outlet. The measure- 

 ments of the runoff of Ska nea teles lake, as given in table No. 53. 

 have been made by the Syracuse Waterworks over a dam at the 

 foot of the lake, or over a weir a short distance below, since Octo- 

 ber, 1890, 'but the record is only given from March, 1895. 



