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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



kill groups have attained their greatest development. In the 

 Oatskill mountains these rocks are still practically horizontal, as 

 originally deposited, and in places several thousand feet in thick- 

 ness. Limestones and other hard rocks, underlaid by shales and 

 soft formations, are found beneath the sandstones in a lower 

 stratigraphic horizon. 



From Catskill and Rensselaer water centers, water may be taken 

 to Albany, Troy, Hudson, Catskill. Kingston. Schenectady, New- 

 burg, Goshen, Monticello, Delhi, Cooperstown and other large 

 towns of the surrounding region. The City of New York is now 

 chiefly supplied from Croton river, which issues from the south 

 end of the Rensselaer center. 



From Chenango center, water may be taken to Norwich, Cort- 

 land, Binghamton, Oswego, Syracuse, Utica, Auburn, Waterloo, 

 Geneva and other places nearby. 



From Lowville center, Lowville, Watertown, Carthage and 

 Oswego may be reached. 



From Allegheny center, Buffalo, Loekport, Albion, Batavia. 

 Warsaw, Rochester, Geneseo. Angelica. Bath, Corning, Elmira, 

 Canandaigua and Lyons may be reached. 



In view of the vast increase of population in New York State 

 for the past one hundred years the writer considers that the time 

 lias arrived when the State should make provision for retaining 

 a portion of the headwaters of the streams issuing from these 

 several elevated regions as a future water supply for the inhab- 

 itants. 



The population of New York in 1S00 was 589,051. In 1900— 

 one hundred years later — it was 7,268,894. In the year 2000 — 

 another one hundred years — it is perhaps difficult to predict whai 

 it will be, but if with the data from 1790 to 1900, inclusive, we 

 plot a population curve, a reasonable estimate of the population 

 in the year 2000 is found to be 20,000,000— it may be one or two 

 million more than this, or one or two million less, but for a 

 period nearly one hundred years in advance, 20,000,000 is a con- 

 e i pvative est imate. 



Of the present population of 7,268,894, in 1900 6,206,657 were 

 on an area of approximately 23,440 square miles, or a trifle less 

 than one-half the land area of the State, which is, according to 

 the twelfth census, 47,620 square miles. However, this statement 



