HYDROLOGY OF NEW YORK 83 o 



order that the water may be divided equally between these two 

 canals both have the same aggregate waterway at the head 

 gates, and by gages on both sides, which are examined whenever 

 necessary, it can be seen whether one canal is drawn below the 

 other, and the gates changed accordingly. On this canal there 

 are recognized 50 first-class runs, 17 second-class, and an un- 

 limited number of third-class. For first-class runs the rental is 

 from $250 to §300 per annum; for second and third class it ranges 

 from 8125 to (150. By a decree of the Supreme Court, dated 

 August 21, 1875, a run of water on the Varick canal ranges 

 between 28 cubic feet per second, under a head of 12 feet, and 

 25 cubic feet per second, under a head of 13 feet. The actual 

 working head is, however, ordinarily only about 10 feet, so that 

 on the foregoing basis a run of water may be taken as 33.3 cubic 

 feet per second. At the price of first-class runs of from $250 to 

 $ 300. and with 75 per cent efficiency, the cost per horsepower per 

 annum varies from $8.80 to $10.56, a run on the Varick canal 

 being equal to 33.3 cubic feet per second on 10 feet head, an 

 amount of water which yields 37.9 horsepower under that head. 



As to the difference in cost of water on these two canals at 

 Oswego, it may be pointed out that the Oswego Caual Company's 

 race has a substantial advantage over the Varick race, in that it 

 extends to the harbor, enabling vessels to come directly along- 

 side of the mills. Moreover, the division of water rights is such 

 that a first-class run of water can always be depended on along 

 the Oswego Canal Company's race, but can not on Varick canal. 1 



At Cohoes we have the great power development built up by 

 the Cohoes Company, which has, by careful management of the 

 waterpower, built up at this place a fine manufacturing city of 

 24,000 inhabitants. 



The Cohoes Company not only owns all of the hydraulic canals, 

 but also the land adjoining the canals. It gives to manufac- 

 turers a perpetual lease of land and water, the entire property 

 leased remaining subject to a rental of $200 per year per mill 

 power. On this basis the land is regarded as donated and the 

 rental applies only to the waterpower. Formerly, the standard 



1 Fov additional detail of the water power at Oswego, see Report of Water 

 Power of the United States, Tenth Census, Vol. I, p. 24-27. 



