HYDROLOGY OF NEW YORK 



867 



make fine paper. The use of rags, including cotton, flax, waste 

 and sweepings in that State amounts to 86,715 tons, while in 

 New York there are only 17,899 tons used. Book papers are 

 made in Massachusetts to the value of $3,120,867 as against 

 |1,706,565 in New York. Lithographic papers, cardboard, bris- 

 tolboard, etc. amounts in Massachusetts to $2,013,920 as against 

 $200,315 in New York. There is an annual product in Massachu- 

 setts of fine writing paper of $8,751,566 as against $70,115 in New 

 York, while other fine papers are valued in Massachusetts at 

 $2,547,072 as against $66,844 in New York. 



If Massachusetts had the same area as New York, with the 

 paper industry proportionately developed over the whole State, 

 the total capital invested in Massachusetts would amount to. 

 roundly, $160,000,000. Since paper making is the one great in- 

 dustry depending upon wnterpower. the reason for this mny be 

 again placed very largely in rational State laws and thorough 

 development of wnterpower. 



In order to illustrate the foregoing proposition, it mny be 

 mentioned thnt the totnl power derived from steam, water nnd 

 other kinds of power used in pnper making in New York in 1900 

 was 228,478 horsepower, while in Mnssnckusetts it was 82.893 

 horsepower. Of this 191.117 horsepower wns from water in New 

 York nnd 44.935 wns from wnter in Mnssnchusetts. lenving 

 37.361 horsepower derived from stenm nnd other motive power 

 in New York nnd 37,958 horsepower derived from the same 

 sources in Massachusetts. 



The yearly capacity in tons of paper in New York is given at 

 611.179 and of pulp 495. 668. 1 Tn Massachusetts the yearly capacity 

 of the mills is 283,576 tons of paper, and of pulp 31,920 tons. 

 These figures show the great difference in the quality of the 

 business in the two States. In New York a large amount of pulp 

 is ground, whereas in Massachusetts there is only about one- 

 sixteenth as much. The mills there are producing high-grade 

 papers, for which steam power is less objectionable than for a 

 lower grade. It is common to run the paper machines proper 

 by steam, as steam power is preferable for this purpose, becnuse 

 of yielding more uniform power, but for mnking ground pulp 



^Tliese figures are as criven in the Census Report. Vol. TX, p. 1035. 



