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upon the Euxine and Cafpian Seas. 109 



Its, which Field goeth to the fhallow Waters, where I ran away from the Tartars. 1 

 (hall here take my leave of Cmw, and pafs unto the Little Nagoy, to Affljowa, on the 

 River Don, which runs down from Bealla Ofjbarra, through the Country of Kujfia, 

 between Kujfia and Lithuania*, until it comes to Peilesboy, not far from the Wolga ; for 

 from Peiksboy to the River Camuf/hanka, is not above 20 miles all level, which is cal- 

 led Perervology where the Cojfackj do draw their Strukes or Boats upon Wheels, to the 

 River of Camuffianka, by which they pafs into the Volga -, whereupon this Place is cal- 

 led Perewolog. The Von runs down between the Little Nagoy and the Defarts of Ingel 

 and Vngute, Co to Affhowa, right under the Town, and there falls into the Tein Sea. 

 This River is full of Fifh, efpccially Sturgeons -, well inhabited by CoJJacks, for there 

 are feldom lefs than 1 0000 upon it, befides thofe that go on Freebooting. There are 

 alfo 16 Gorodkees, or ftrong Skonces, well manned, and with ftore of great Guns, 

 they being in continual fear of the Turks and Tartars^ and fbmctimes alfo of the Mus- 

 covites. The Little Nagoy lies between the Tein and Caftian Seas, the former on the 

 Weft, the latter on the Eaft, Sbercajfin to South, and the Volga on the North -, and 

 there is never a Town in all this Countrey excepting Ajftotva. It is inhabited 

 by Tartars , who go altogether in Hords h their Prince in my Time was Caf- 

 Jay Mvrfa, whom the Tartars call alfo Sultan Vlugb y or the Great Prince. They fbwe 

 no Corn but Profi, which they fowe upon the Sea-fide up unto Afjhowa \ and after 

 fowing they depart with their Hords, and gra^e up and down the Defarts to the Von, 

 to Capbane, Sburpoba, Tedecul, Comma and Curray, to Majjhargorodokg, and to ShercaJJén 

 Land, under the Rivers Terigke, and Balks-, anc ^ zlmoft to Pettigor, and by the River of 

 Cupba, and back again unto the Blacky Sea. Thus they ramble all the Summer, until 

 their Hai veft be ripe, and their Profs gathered, and put into Yams under ground -, af- 

 ter which they fettle from Ajïhowa, all along the Sea-fide, ainongft the Reeds, and 

 leave their Horfes to winter in the Defarts. So I lhall leave the Little Nagoy., and pafs 

 unto Temcrojfa,\n Sbcrcaffèn Land, which is 500 miles from Afjhoma. 



Now in all Circaffia are but two Towns, Temerojfa on the Blacky Sea, upon the 

 Gulf that goeth from the B/jci^Sea into the Tein Sea, right over againft Arbotha. The 

 other is Tumein, upon the Cafyian Sea, the diftance between them being 1 1 00 miles > 

 and all the reft of the inhabited Places are only Cubbacks made in the Woods, piled 

 round with Timber. Their Houfês are very high, in the midft whereof they make 

 the Fire. Their Men are proper Men, very like the Irijh both for perfon and garb s 

 for they go in Trowfes, with fhort Mantles, wear long Hair on both fides of their 

 Heads, with a fhorn Crown between. Their Women are very beautiful, and loving 

 to Strangers -, for if a Stranger come unto their Houfes, their young Women and 

 Maidens will look Lice in their Shirts, and all about them, the moll private parts not 

 excepted, and will allow them the liberty to examine and handle all parts of their 

 Bodies befides their Breafts. The Circajjians are excellent Horfemen, and very courage- 

 ous, but withal exxeedingly ignorant and fuperftitious => for when they kill a Goat or 

 Kid, they cut off the privy parts, and caft it againft a Wall, if it ftick, they pray to it i 

 if otherwife, they caft it away, and fpread the Skin upon Stakes, place it in their, 

 1 Corn-fields, and worfhip it. They have no Writing among them, yet pretend to be 

 good Ghriftians. Do ftrangely bewail the Dead, making great Cryes, fcratch their 

 Hands and Faces, until they draw much Blood, knock their Foreheads againft the 

 ground, until Knobs arifè bigger than Plums. The Men are notorious Thieves, Heal- 

 ing from each other, and he that fteals moft is accounted the braveft Fellow. Their 

 Countrey is very fruitful, abounding with moft forts of Grain s and they have ftore of 

 excellent Grafs. They have alfo much Fruit growing wild -, many forts of Beafts, 

 as Harts, Hinds, Kine, Eiflubrafs, Hogs and great Adders. 



The confiderable Rivers which I know are Cubba, which runs from Pettigor, be- 

 tween SbercaJJen Land and the Little Nagoy, betwixt Termcroffa and AJjbowa, 20 miles 

 from Temeroffa it falls into the Jein Sea, and hath a Courfe of 500 miles. The next 

 is the River of Balke, which comes out from Cabardy, and falls into the River of 7c- 

 rigkgy 200 miles from its Source h which River of Terigkg defends from the Mountains 

 between SboVohofe KnaJJe and Mmdararva KnaJJc, runs through the Countrey almoft 

 due Eaft, pafles by Goracbo Colloda, thence to the Sbujfa, and the Sbunfa, fo on to 

 the IVeijira i and 6 miles from Twnein 3 between Tumein and the Commocks Countrey, 



(P 2) it 



