160 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[March 17, 1887. 



ployed in Messrs. Hogarth's establishment, stated, as the 

 result of his experience of the thousands of salmon there 

 treated annually, that salmon not only fed mainly upon 

 herring, but on that coast no good salmon Ashing was ob- 

 tained until the herring were upon the coast. 



All these presumed facts go to corroborate our former sug- 

 gestion and point to this great ocean food supply as being a 

 strong inducement for the salmonidaj, as for all whitefish, 

 to follow them to their haunts. 



It is certain, however, that a voracious fish will not confine 

 itself to any single species of food. Mr. Willis Bund, in his 

 most suggestive and valuable work on "Salmon Problems," 

 refers to the belief of fishermen that the salmon feeds on 

 sea-mice (apft rod, itc), and to the fact that on the Usk there 

 is a saying, "A good year of lamperns, a good year of sal- 

 mon." He also refers to the fact of a salmon taking a 

 spinning bait. A gentleman assures us that he has taken a 

 three-pound grilse with a minnow when trolling for lythe 

 (Oadus pollacMus) in the sea. Before Buckland and Wal- 

 pole (Sea Fisheries Commission) a fisherman observed that 

 the salmon (salinonidas from three pounds to twenty-one 

 pounds) taken in his kettle net "were feeding on the "same 

 thing as the mackerel." No doubt the floating invertebrate 

 life of the sea is the common food of the mackerel, but when 

 taken near shore they would be full of Crustacea such as 

 mysis, a class I frequently find in quantity in the stomachs 

 of sea trout. 



Daring my recent expedition some facts have come before 

 me that are somewhat interesting in themselves, while 

 having a bearing upon the question before us. Most natural- 

 ists are aware that the tapeworm goes through a species of 

 metamorphosis, and when found in any animal must have 

 previously reached a certain development in some other 

 animal that has probably been its prey. Now, when in a 

 certain season all the sea trout taken in the district of Loch 

 Slapin, in Skye, proved to have tapeworms, and to be 

 generally in a sickly condition, we naturally ask if this is a 

 common occurrence elsewhere, and what can they be living 

 upon at such a time? It seems that the occurrence was most 

 exceptional in Slapin, and has not apparently occurred 

 again; while the probability is that a creature of some size 

 was the repository of the cysts of the tapeworm. What this 

 was we, of course, can only conjecture, but sea trout do eat 

 Cephalopods freely, as we have personally noted, and in 

 these high class molluscs we have observed what appeared 

 to us to be the cysts of tapeworms. This would be a useful 

 subject for inquiry, as the taking of Cc/ilKdojxxis with such 

 a company of guests should be at once followed by their dis- 

 patch to the nearest aquarium, where means for the experi- 

 ment would always be at hand. 



Again, sea trout eat sand-eels, and a correspondent from 

 "The Lewis " sends me an account of a large sea trout with 

 sand-eels in its stomach. Few fishes, indeed, are proof 

 against the fascination of sand-eels, whose aggressive friends 

 are numberless. It would be unjust to examine this subject 

 without quoting from Mr. John Anderson, of Dcnliam 

 Green, whose sixty years' experience in the trade is always 

 freely at the service of the public. He writes: "I have seen 

 twelve small herring in a fish of ten pounds, and in brackish 

 water I have seen fish full of young smelts, whiting and 

 shrimps." Aeraiu, "I have seen grilse with eight or ten 

 youna herring, and a trout of 81bs. with an 8in. sand eel 

 in its stomach." One. more he writes: "The principal food 

 of whitefish and salmon are — first, the herring and then 

 their fry. The old herring of both kinds, after they have 

 spawned, seek out to sea to recruit themselves, and after 

 they have been feeding on the rich food there for several 

 months, they seek the coast, chased in by shoals of whitefish 

 and salmon. The young fry of the herring seek our estu- 

 aries, and up to the brackish water, where they continue 

 feeding for six months, then down to sea to meet 'their own 

 parents. The young of the winter-spawned herring leave 

 the brackish water in October, and seek down our Frith (of 

 Forth) to feed on whitefish then arrived from sea; and the 

 young of our summer herring leave the brackish water iu 

 March, and, seeking down to sea, draw our salmon into and 

 up our friths and then into our rivers. It is no uncommon 

 thing to find a dozen of good herring or a score of young 

 herring in the cod's stomach, and frequently several herring 

 or a score of fry in the salmon's stomach along with shell- 

 fish." He no doubt here uses the term "shellfish" in its 

 rough general sense as covering "crustacea." 



I am disposed to question some of the views here expressed, 

 more especially as to the idea of a summer and winter her- 

 ring, confident as I am that the herring spawns throughout 

 the year; but the facts of herring being taken frequently in 

 the stomachs of salmon remain distinct, and coming from 

 one with a lengthened experience of a very extensive fish 

 trade, is of very great importance. It is commonly objected 

 that scientific observers are not in the habit of 

 meeting herring in the stomachs of salmon; but it must be 

 remembered that their opportunities are very limited, that 

 salmon are rarely taken "on the feed," but only when hast- 

 ening back to the fresh water, that when taken they are 

 mostly despatched direct to the fishmonger, who alone.' as a 

 general rule, has an opportunity of examining the contents 

 of a salmon caught in the sea. 



We require more "facts" on the subject, but there are suf- 

 ficient to make it a reasonable statement that, from evidence 

 of practical men on the East coast, and observers on the 

 West coast, salmon, like most other fish, are mainly depen- 

 dent upon herring for subsistence. I have taken herring and 

 sea trout in the same draw of the seine net, and both were 

 full of herring sile. But sea trout are different in character 

 from salmon. They feed voraciously not only when coming 

 in shore, but even in fresh water, so'that they are commonly 

 taken with their stomachs full, at a time when the salmon 

 has ceased to feed and is only anxious to ascend the river. 



The great importance of the food question in connection 

 with the salmonidse lies, in the first instance, in its bearings 

 upon the stock of our rivers and streams. If this class of 

 fish feeds mainly upon such fish as the herring, the stock of 

 a river will depend more upon its purity than upon its rich- 

 ness in food. Every small stream in the herring-haunted 

 West Highlands can be filled with a stock of sea trout, 

 knowing that if the youngsters can reach suffcieut maturity 

 to proceed to sea a large proportion will return in good con- 

 dition. For not only do they devour the herring when ob- 

 tainable, but they keep much in shore and devour everything 

 edible among the rich fringe of seaware, whether crustacea 

 or annelids or naked mollusca, such as cephalopoda. It 

 ought to be a primary object with our fishculturists to stock 

 every suitable river with salmon and every stream that 

 reaches the sea with sea trout. As yet little" has been done 

 in this direction, but if it were carried on contemporane- 

 ously with the incubation of herring in quantity, I have no 

 doubt that the land of the Western Highlands "and islands 

 would soon come to be looked upon as little more than a 

 rendezvous for fish and fishermen, as Newfoundland has 

 always been. 



MR. MULERTT RECEIVES A MEDAL. — Mr. Hugo 

 Mulertt, of Cincinnati, Ohio, the well-known fishculturist 

 and breeder of ornamental fishes, has been awarded the 

 great silver medal of the Imperial Russian Society Accli- 

 matation at their recent annual meeting in Moscow. The 

 letter transmitting this medal states that it is awarded for 

 constant co-operation with the ichthyological section and in 

 acknowledgment of interesting and useful work. The con- 

 ferring of this medal is a very high honor and one that is 

 appreciated by Mr. Mulertt. Alexander von Humboldt and 

 the celebrated botanist, Von Siebold, were recipients of this 

 same medal, and we believe Mr. Mulertt's to be the first 

 which has come to America. 



THE McDONALD'FISHW AY.— Sharon, Va., March 10 — 



knowledge gained in building many structures for the pas- 

 sage of fish over dams, and combine the maximum of sim- 

 plicity, solidity and efficiency. They are being carefully ob- 

 served and reported with a view of publishing the results, 

 It may interest your readers to know that a rainbow trout, 

 a ripe female, ran from Tate's Run, a small stream flowing 

 through the Wytheville hatchery grounds, up the small 

 fishway erected at the hatchery as a model. The fish was 

 captured and t he eggs secured.' Numbers of yearlings and 

 two-year-olds have been taken, but this is the first ripe 

 spawner observed. These facts indicate the establishment 

 of the rainbow trout in the stream as a resident species, an 

 important fact in considering the desirability of stocking 

 Virginia waters with this fish.— R. C. 



SHAD IN THE MI SSISSIPPL— Office of the Secretary, Lee 

 County Came and Fish Protective Association. —MditoT 

 Forest and, Stream: It is my pleasure to be able to report 

 the. success of the shad plant made in the Mississippi River 

 some years ago by Prof. Spencer F. Baird. Yesterday quite 

 a number of these fish caught here were on sale in the 

 market; one of 21bs. weight brought fifteen cents, cat- 

 fish selling at ten cents per pound and black bass at twelve 

 and a half cents per pound. — F. S, WORTHEK Secretary. 



Attdrm all communication* to the Forest and Stream Pub. Co 



FIXTURES. 



DOG SHOWS. 



March 22 to 25, 1.887— Spring Show of the New Jersey Kennel 

 Club, Newark, N. J. A. C. Wilinerding, Secretary, 17 Murray 

 street, New York. 



March 29 to April L 1S87.— Inaugural Dog Show of Rhode 

 Island Kennel Club, Providence, R. I. N. Seaburv, Secretary, 

 Box 1383, Providence. Entries close March 15. 



April 5 to 8, 1887.— Third Annual Dog Show Of New England 

 Kennel Club. Boston. F. L. Weston, Secretary, Hotel Boylston, 

 Boston, Mass. Entries close March 19. 



April 12 to 15, 1887.— Thirteenth Annual Dog Show of the Western 

 Pennsylvania Poultry Society, at Pittsburgh, Pa. C. B. Elben, 

 Secretary. 



April 19 to S3.— Fourth Annual Dog Show of the Philadelphia 

 Kennel Club. E. Comfort, President. 



April 26 to 29.— Second Annual Dog Show of the Hartford Kennel 

 Club. A. C. Collins, Secretary, Hertford. Conn. 



May 3 to 6, 1887.— Eleventh Annual Dot; Show of the Westminster 

 Kennel Club, Madison Square Garden, New York. James Morti- 

 mer, Superintendent. Entries close April 18. 



May 24 to 27.— Inaugural Dog Show of the Michigan Kennel 

 Club, at Detroit, Mich. Chas. Weil, Secretary, Newberry and Me ■ 

 Millan Building, Detroit, Mich, Entries close May 10. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



Nov. 7— Third Annual Field Trials of the Western Field Trials 

 Association. R. C. Van Horn, Secretary, Kansas City. Mo. 



Nov, 21.— Ninth Annual Field Trials of the Eastern Field Trials 

 Club, at High Point, N. C. W. A. Coster. Secretary, Flatbush, 

 Kings County, N. Y. 



December.— First Annual Field Trials of the American Field 

 Trials Club, at Florence, Ala. C. W. Paris, Secretary, Cincinnati, 



A. K. R.-SPECIAL NOTICE. 

 TMIE AMERICAN KENNEL REGISTER, for the registration 

 of pedigrees, etc. (with prize lists of all shows and trials), is 

 published every month. Entries close on the 1st. Should be in 

 early. Entry blanks sent on receipt of stamped and addressed 

 envelope. Registration fee (50 cents) must accompany each entry. 

 No entries inserted unless paid in advauce. Yearly subscription 

 $1.50. Address "American Kennel Register," P. O. Box 2832, New 

 York. Number of entries already printed 4697. 



T 



BUFFALO DOG SHOW. 



HAT the show held at Buffalo last week was a good one 

 cannot be disputed. I expected to find about 250 dogs 

 on exhibition whereas there were about 400 all told, and a 

 glance over the prize list will show that the quality through- 

 out was much better than is generally found at shows with 

 greater pretentions. Mr. John Davidson handled the 

 pointers and setters, Mr. Krueger took foxhounds and 

 beagles, and the balance of the sporting division, as well as 

 all non-sporting classes, fell to my share. The catalogue 

 was not accurate and there was some delay in bringing the 

 dogs into the rings, but in other respects the management 

 was good and reflects credit on Mr. Fellows, whose devotion 

 to the cause was appreciated by his many friends. The 

 secretary and assistant were at all times "courteous and 

 obliging, and the same hearty greeting which ever awaits 

 me at shows held outside of this city was freely extended to 

 me and to others. 



The local reporters, as usual, left their brains at home, and 

 somebody played a huge joke on your esteemed city contem- 

 porary, the New York Herald. Particulars may be interest- 

 ing to some of your readers and therefore 1 give them. It was 

 not until Wednesday night that I finished judging and by 

 Thursday evening I realized the fact that the work before 

 me was more than I could accomplish, consequently I re- 

 solved not to be interrupted by anybody or by anything if I 

 could possibly avoid it. I was getting along nicely on Fri- 

 day morning when a lean, long-cast, cow-hocked specimen 

 of the 7jo /'chound type, out at the elbows and thick in skull, 

 coolly asked if 1 could tell him where to find "that great red 

 dog from New York," There was a weedy-looking Irish 

 terrier sitting on a bench close by, and pointing to it I said, 

 "There is the dog you are looking for."' No sooner had I 

 commenced work again than a fellow had the cheek to come 

 and ask me to supply him with not es for a report. This was 

 too much for me. I explained my position and declined, 

 whereupon the courteous news seeker turned on his heels 

 and blurted out, "If you won't help us we won't help you, 

 wait and see." Next morning a friend directed my attention 

 to the following ludicrous dispatch which appeared in the 

 Herald: 



"More Dogs than Prizes.— By telegraph to the Herald: 

 Buffalo, N. Y.. March 11, 1887.— The international bench 

 show of dogs broke up in a row. The principal trouble was 

 that too many Canadian dogs were given prizes. The ex- 

 hibitors of the miscellaneous class think they were given no 

 show because they had to compete against all kinds of- 

 canines. It is also charged that owing to the fact that 

 Superintendent Fellows came from Ilornellsville that the 

 Hornell Spaniel Club was giveu undue advantage." 



The heading itself is absurd and suggests that there are, 

 or ought to be, as many or more prizes as dogs. The show 

 "broke up in a row." Who ever saw a dog show that didn't 

 break up in a row? Loose say a couple of hundred dogs and 

 leave the balance, say two hundred more, chained in their 

 places, and there is row enough to satisfy the inmates of a 

 bedlam. There was just such a row at Buffalo, and there 

 will be a similar row at the next dog show and at every other 

 dog show to come. "Too many Canadian dogs were given 

 prizes. ' ' The catalogue shows that, eighty dogs from Canada 

 were entered and that sixteen were successful iu winning 

 first prizes. "The exhibitors iu the miscellaneous class 

 think they were given no show because they had to compete 



open to have a class provided for 



them, consequently the exhibitors, who know what a "mis- 

 cellaneous class" is, could not possibly have t hought any- 

 thing of the kind, and the Herald has fallen into a stupid 

 blunder. "It is also charged that, owing to the fact that 

 Superintendent Fellows came from Hornell svi lie, that the 

 Hornell Spaniel Club was giveu undue advantage." This is 

 a vicious and untruthful statement, and places the Herald's 

 correspondent in an uncomfortably tight corner. The Hor- 

 nell Club entered two flogs, both in the champion class, and 

 as there was no competition in either class, thev. of course, 

 won. These dogs were beaten for all special prizes. Where 

 is the "undue advantage" and who "charged"? The Herald's 

 untrustworthy reporter should be bounced. 



Mr. Davidson was first to get to work. He handled his 

 classes in a business-like way, and his decisions were well 

 received. 



SETTERS— (MR. DAVIDSON). 



Knight of Snowtlen, well shown, was an easy winner in 

 the open class for English setters, and while he is not quite 

 the type of dog I like, he has many good points to commend 

 him, notably excellent forelegs and feet, good chest and back, 

 nice fiat coat of good textuj?e and a catching color. His head 

 is too small for his body, and he does not move behind as he 

 should do, although he is said to be a dog of more than 

 average speed and a stayer. Pride of Dixie, placed second, 

 Wis not my choice for the place. He is too full in cheek, 

 occiput not properly developed, muzzle of good length but 

 too line at the point, stop not defined, the bead being much 

 too shallow and fiat in appearance, with an expression that 

 certainly is not correct. Neck straight: shoulders not well 

 placed; chest fairly good: a slight weakness in loin; quarters 

 above the average; legs of fair strength: pastern longer 

 than I like; hocks too wide apart. Feet not round, 

 but of fair thickness through the pads; texture of coat 

 good. I would have placed Prince Hardy, vhc. reserve, 

 second. He has a better head than Pride of Dixie, 

 and is his equal in other respects. Ted's Bancs, he, is 

 fairly good in body, but he is wide in front, faulty at the 

 elbows, and deficient in head properties. Canada, vhc., 

 has a rather sour head and a long and badly-carried tail— 

 faulty at both ends. Noble Philip, e., is "lathy and flat- 

 sided, and is deficient in loin and tail. Dan. not noticed, too 

 much resembles a St. Bernard for my fancy. .lust a fair 

 class. The winners are blue beltons. ' Eight entries in the 

 corresponding bitch class, with Mvdora. rather a nice white, 

 black and tan, clearly the best of the lot. She has a 

 fairly good head, just a trifle doggy; ears fairly well placed 

 and of good length, but might hang closer; neck not quite 

 clean; shoulders loaded; chest good; back rather short; 

 quarters rather narrow and lacking in power: hocks fairly 

 good; legs not quite straight, feet rather thin through the 

 pads: coat short but of good quality and free of curl; tail 

 not well carried; a bitch showing some quality. Lassie 

 made a good second: she has rather a nice head and is much 

 above the average in quarters and hocks. She is faulty 

 behind the withers— too round and slack, and her 

 tail is not right. Coat flat and of good texture. Lady M., 

 vhc. reserve, was third best, although shown much too fat. 

 She is good behind the last rib, and has a nice fiat coat. 

 Skull too round, barrel too round and rather slack, chest too 

 wide and forelegs not quite straight. Feet thinner through 

 the pads than I like. Carry Roy, he, is deficient in head 

 properties. A fair class, well judged. There were eleven 

 entries in the puppy class, but I failed to find anything that 

 will be heard from in good company at future snows. Lone 

 Star, a white, black and tan daughter of the winner in the 

 previous class, was properly placed first. Skuli fairly good, 

 muzzle of good length but not quite clean below the "eyes, 

 ears rather short and not carried close to head. Neek niight 

 be cleaner, chest wide, shoulders badly laid on, back short 

 with back ribs not long enough, loin flat, quarters drooping, 

 stifles fairly well bent but rather weak, elbows out, forelegs 

 not straight, stands a trifle over at knees, tail too long and 

 curled, hocks of fair strength and well hent, coat good. 



In the class for Irish setter dogs Bruce, with his typical 

 head and excellent coat and color, was too much for Romeo, 

 who is very deficient in neck, quarters and feet, besides pos- 

 sessing several other defects. Banker, vhc. reserve, is 

 well known. Jessie placed another first to her owner's 

 credit, winning handily in the bitch class. She has been so 

 often described in these columns that I will say no more 

 than that she was in a fair condition and won easily enough 

 from Nellie Husted, who has not improved since I placed 

 her second in the puppy class at the Fanciers' show last year. 

 She has grown very throaty and moves badly off her hind 

 legs. She has still rather a nice head , but it is "not first-class; 

 her coat and color and feather will always deserve notice. 

 Miss Laura, vhc. reserve, is a fairly good young bitch with 

 too strong a head. The puppies were not a good lot and 

 there was not a future winner among them. 



Nine Gordon dogs of far better type than we usually find 

 formed a fairly good class, and Royal Duke sustained his 

 reputation by winning with several points to the good. 

 Jack, placed second, shows age; his color is gone. In skull 

 and muzzle he is much above the average, although heavier 

 than I like. He is too wide in chest, straight in shoulders, 

 stifles and hocks; has good feet, a nice coat and shows a fair 

 amount of Gordon character. The balance of the class were 

 workmanlike dogs. Nora, Mr. Glover's old bitch, was best 

 of the eight entries in the next class; she was always a fair 

 bitch, but never a crack. She was bred to Royal Duke at 

 the show and he should give power behind as well as in the 

 pasterns to the offspring. Rose, too round iu skull and 

 pointed in muzzle, was second. She is fairly good iu coat, 

 but will not do in many other respects— at least not for the 

 bench, Chest too shallow; body shorter than I like; quar- 

 ters drooping: lacks Gordon character; too much of English 

 type; legs and feet fairly good. Gyp it, vhc, is deficient in 

 head and coat. Josephine is too tapered in muzzle and is 

 not good in skull. The puppies, six, Were ouly moderate, 

 Royal Duke II. being about the best of them* He is too 

 round in skull and very full midway between eyes and 

 occiput; nose half black and half flesh color; eyes fairly 

 good; ears set too high and not well carried; neck throaty; 

 mouth cankered; body and limbs too light; pasterns long, 

 and feet fiat and open; quarters, tail and coat fairly good; 

 will be too light all over and bitchy in headAvhen developed. 

 I must not say any more or he may bite me next time we 

 meet. 



POINTERS— (MK. DAVIDSON). 



Pomiuery Sec, a son of Graphic and Vinnie, was clearly 

 the best dog in the open class for his sex. He is just a fair 

 sort but will never tread in the steps of his distinguished 

 sire. Head just fair; eyes rather light; muzzle lacking in 

 depth; ears set on too high; neck of fair length; back a trifle 

 slack; loins fiat; quarters fairly good. Will improve. Jeff, 

 second prize, is a rather coarse headed dog; too cheeky, neck 

 not clean; chest too wide; shoulders straight and heavy; 

 back ribs not deep enough; loin flat; second thighs weak: 

 hocks lotig and straight; stands over a trifle at knees; tail 

 too long and not fine enough toward end; ears good; forelegs 

 and feet above average; condition excellent. Don and Don 

 Quixote are not up to show form. Of the nine others shown 

 Queen Bow, a specimen of much more than average merit, 

 had a clear win. Skull rather round; muzzle fairly good 

 but not square enough; ears might hang closer; eyes too 

 light and rather small; chest and back fairly good, also 

 quarters and hocks; tail rather long and might be finer; 

 shoulders muscular and free; legs and feet excellent; shows 

 considerable character. Dress, placed second, occupied a 

 similar position at Waverly, and was described in your re-- 



