INTRODUCTION. 



in length. The head was black, the body yellowish-white with 

 black markings. On the back were numerous paired glands from 

 which little transparent globules of pungent, strong-smelling 

 fluid were extruded when the insect was touched. After a while 

 the globules were withdrawn into the glands, and they could 

 not be extruded more than two or three times in succession 

 before the insect was exhausted. The odour, which is compared 

 to that of prussic acid, scented the whole bush where they were 

 feeding, and was very characteristic of the insect. The larvae 

 which were kept in captivity moulted but once before pupating. 

 Pupae were formed between 14th and 21st June. The pupa 

 had much the same general markings as the larva. It remained 

 partially enclosed in the larval skin. In nature the pupae were 

 found suspended from the underside of leaves and branches of 

 the food-plant. Beetles began to emerge on 22nd June, and 



Fig. 6. — Chrysomela poptili, L., larva:— a, dorsal view of head; the median 

 longitudinal line and the two obliquely transverse lines are sutures 

 between strongly chitinized parts; the clots represent the points of origin 

 of setae, which are not shown: b, ventral view of head, the large shaded 

 area being the opening from the head-capsule into the thorax, an., antenna; 

 /a.,labrum; md., mandible ; mx.p., maxillary palp ; L, labium; /.^..labial 

 palp. 



continued to appear in the rearing-box until 27th June. They 

 afterwards lived for about a week in confinement, but as in this 

 period they were carried down to Dehra Dun, elevation 2100 feet 

 above sea-level, their ordinary period of existence in this stage is 

 likely to be longer. Out of fifty-one larvae and pupae six were 

 found to be parasitized by a Tachinid fly. The above obser- 

 vations were made by Mr. C. G. Rogers. 



External Anatomy of the Larvae. — The early stages of Cli.populi 

 have been many times described and figured. The length of the 

 cleared specimen of the larva at present under examination, a 

 European example, which is stretched out, is 11^ mm. The body 

 is narrowed anteriorly and more so posteriorly ; behind the middle 



