author's preface. 



vii 



the specimens could be cleaned and properly remounted, 

 and a report could be drawn up by specialists working 

 on the various groups, after which the whole collection 

 could be returned to Moscow. I have made this suggestion 

 in order to draw the attention of Russian entomologists 

 to the question of placing Motschulsky's species on a sure 

 basis once for all. 



In drawing up the accounts of the economic relationships 

 of the two subfamilies treated in this book and of the 

 life-histories of the pests which they include, I have 

 consulted the 4 Review of Applied Entomology/ and I wi*h 

 to record my appreciation of the kindness of Dr. G. A. K. 

 Marshall, O.M.G., F.R.S., in giving me permission to 

 make extracts from that journal, and also of that of Dr. S. 

 A. Neave in allowing me to use the library of the Imperial 

 Bureau of Entomology. 



Circumstances have rendered it necessary to employ a 

 number of artists, to each of whom my thanks are due. 

 The task of illustrating the volume was begun by Mr. A. J. 

 Engel Terzi, but he was unable to continue, and it is to 

 be regretted that all the drawings did not emanate from 

 the master's brush. Gratitude is, however, especially due 

 to Miss Violet W. Borrow, who has admirably executed the 

 greater part of the work. Actually the original drawings 

 were distributed among the various artists as follows : by 

 Mr. Terzi, figs. 1-7, 14, 16-19, 23-28, 35 ; by Miss Borrow, 

 figs. 8, 15, 34, 40-46, 48-58, 60-80, 82, 85-87, 89-91, 

 94-99, 103-130, 132-138 ; by Miss Yere L. Temple, figs. 84, 

 92, 93, 102, 131, 139 ; by Mr. P. Highley, figs. 36-39 ; 

 by Mr. R. N. Field, figs. 81, 83, 88, 100, 101 ; by Mr. Atul 

 Bose, figs. 9-13, 20-22, 29-33, 47, 59. 



I am deeply indebted, to the editors, particularly to 

 Dr. Hugh Scott, whose criticisms and suggestions have 

 been very helpful and whose editorial punctiliousness 

 and scientific precision have saved me from errors and 

 discrepancies. 



I wish to thank Messrs. J. H. Durrant, W. H. T. Tarns, 

 N. D. Riley, K. G. Blair, and G. J. Arrow, all of the 



