104 



HALTICINiE 



of trees, fallen leaves, etc., emerging in early spring. Pairing 

 occurs from March to October, and the eggs are laid beneath the 

 epidermis of charlock or other Cruciferous plants. The larvae 

 hatch in from eight to ten days, and tunnel in the mesophvll. 

 They pupate in the soil, the pupal stage lasting about two weeks. 

 The number of generations produced in one season varies from 

 three to six, according to weather conditions. The adults cause 

 serious damage to root crops, young seedlings, and to the mature 

 leaves of cabbage, horse-radish, rhubarb, etc. 



Haltica oleracea, L. Cabbage Flea-beetle. 



The following information is taken from the same source as in 

 the preceding case : — The eggs are laid on the surface of the leaf, 

 aud the larvae are not leaf-miners like those of the genus Phyllo- 

 treta. Pupation takes place about two weeks after hatching. 

 There are usually live generations in the year. The adults feed 

 npon wild and cultivated Crucieeiijs and upon Epilobium and 

 Oenothera. In controlling this and the preceding species, it is 

 important to keep crops free from weeds, especially Crucieer.?;. 

 Spraying with an arsenical wash has been found useful against 

 H. oleracea. 



Russia. 



Aphihona euphorbue, Schrank. 



This is a great pest of flax in Russia. N. V. Kurdiumov deals 

 with it in some detail in the Proc. Poltava Agric. Expt. !Sta., 

 no. 30, 1917. 



The present account is taken from Rev. Appl. Ent., ser. A, 

 vol. xi, 1923, p. 154: — The adults hibernate in turf rather than 

 uncfer fallen leaves. In the spring they migrate to flax fields, 

 which may be some distance away, necessitating the crossing of 

 other fields, in which case they may also be found on Sisymbrium, 

 Euphorbia and even the leaves of beet. In the early spring they 

 are found in fairly large numbers among the winter-sown grain 

 crops, their numbers on these decreasing simultaneously with a 

 relative increase of those on flax, on which they appear in large 

 numbers by the end of April and beginning of May, a period which 

 coincides with the appearance of the seedlings above ground. The 

 attack of A. euphorbue on flax at this time is greatly influenced 

 by the prevailing temperature ; should the latter favour quick and 

 healthy growth, the flax will be able to withstand and outgrow 

 the injury, otherwise the plants may become stunted and the 

 crop greatly diminished. Fields of widely-spaced rows are 

 generally more likely to be attacked. As a rule only the parts 

 of the plant above ground are injured, though on some occasions 

 the cotyledons that have not yet appeared above the surface are 

 attacked, and this is a most serious form of damage ; it occurs in 

 the early spring, and again when the adults enter the soil for 

 oviposition. Under experimental conditions the latter occurs at 



