REPORT OF TIIE CIIEMIST. 



113 



India in comparison with average samples of wheat from the principal countries pro- 

 ducing this grain. Of the conditions required by the secretary they say : 



" 1. That we should take a given quantity of each of these four representative In- 

 dian wheats, viz., Indian fine soft white, Indian superior soft red, Indian average 

 hard white, Indian average hard red, and manufacture them into Hour by the ordi- 

 nary process of grinding under millstones. Also that we should take similar quanti- 

 ties of the same wheats and manufacture them into flour by means of crushing be- 

 tween rollers, according to the system known as the Hungarian or roller system. 2. 

 That we should take a given quantity of each Hour so produced and manufacture it 

 into bread. 3. That we should note the qualities and other characteristics of the 

 flours produced, also of the offals, viz., middlings, pollard, and bran. 4. That we 

 should procure the following representative wheats, of fair average quality of the 

 season, as then being sold on Mark Lane market, and, for the purpose of obtaining 

 results for comparison, deal with them precisely a3 above indicated, bofh as regards 

 flour, bread, and offals, viz., English average, American red winter, American spring, 

 Australian average, California average, Russian Saxonska, Russian Taganrog, Rus- 

 sian Kubanka, Russian Ghirka, Egyptian Buhi, and Egyptian Saida." 



The quantity used in each case was 5,000 pounds. The samples varied in weight 

 from 57* pounds for tho Saida Egyptian to 64 pounds for the soft Indian white va- 

 riety. The weight of tho separate " berries" varied greatly; those of American 

 spring were smallest of all, 100 weighing 35.5 grains; winter, 49.6 grains; Califor- 

 nia, 47.7 grains. The Australian were heaviest, 80.5 grains ; Indian, from 51.8 to 

 77.7 grains. The Saxonska Russian was 37.3 grains, next to American spring the 

 smallest, and containing the most gluten, 23.2 per cent.; yet the size appears to be no 

 indication of the proportion of gluten in other samples, as the heaviest, the Austra- 

 lian, averaged 11.0 per cent., and the poorest in gluten, bearing only 4.4 per cent., 

 was of medium weight, 50.1 for 100. 



"Wheat. " 



Ts 



stu 



.9 S/ 3 « 

 S i L B 



> 



Weight per bushel. 



Impurities removed. 



Water absorbed to 

 render mellow. 



o 



Middlings. H 



Pollard. 



I 



Evaporation and loss. 



G In t en by wa t e i te sts. 





S. d. 



Lbs. 



Pr. ct. 



Pr. ct. 



Pr. ct. 



Pr. ct. 



Pr. ct. 



Pr. ct. 



Pr. ct. 



Pr. ct. 



Indian (fine soft white) 



49 



04 



L 52 



2.0 



77. 46 



0. 82 



8.8 



12.0 



1.40 



6.4 



Do 



49 



64 



1.52 



2.0 



74. 10 



11. 00 



8.7 



4.0 



2. 68 



0.8 



Indian (superior soft red) 



45 



G2| 



.72 



3.6 



78. 40 



1. 68 



9.8 



9.4 



3. 6 



9.3 



Do 



45 



62£ 



.72 



3.6 



75.4 



7.7 



13.5 



5.3 



.98 



10.5 



Indian (average hard white) . . 



44 



00 



3.7 



8.4 



80. 52 



.78 



10.0 



8.3 



5.1 



11.7 



Do 



44 



00 



3.7 



8.4 



73.2 



10.3 



14.3 



3.1 



3.8 



12.6 



Indian (average hard red) 



43 



611 



1.2 



7.6 



79. 88 



.78 



13. 20 



8.5 



4. 04 



13.4 



Do 



43 



61* 



1.2 



7.6 



74.2 



10.3 



13.8 



3.0 



5. 1 



13.1 





49 



GO* 



1.5 



None. 



65.2 



1.1 



9.7 



17.7 



4.8 



10.6 



Do 



49 



60* 



1.5 



None. 



70.3 



7.6 



7.2 



9.2 



4.2 



11.4 



Australian 



50 6 



62* 



1.0 



None. 



75.8 



1.1 



7.4 



14.4 



.3 



11.6 



Do 



50 6 



621 



1.0 



None. 



75.1 



8.0 



9.3 



5.5 



1.1 



12.2 



New Zealand 



48 



62J 



.3 



None. 



76.1 



.96 



8.8 



11.5 



2. 34 



10.2 



Do 



48 



62J 



.3 



None. 



76.1 



7.8 



6.6 



5.6 



3.6 



9.0 



California 



48 



59* 



1.7 



None. 



71.1 



.72 



9.2 



15.3 



1.98 



10.5 



Do 



48 



59* 





None. 



70.1 



14.5 



6.3 



3.9 



3.5 



8.7 



American (winter) 



49 6 



61J 



•s 



None. 



73.8 



.38 



7.9 



16.4 



1.02 



11.0 



Do 



49 6 



61| 





None. 



71.5 



10.3 



11.2 



3. 1 



3.4 



11.7 



American (spring) 



48 



61 



.9 



None. 



72.2 



.24 



7.2 



14.7 



4.76 



15.3 



Do 



48 



61 



.9 



None. 



69.5 



12.1 



10.4 



3.8 



3.3 



14. 6 



Russian (Saxonska) 



52 



60£ 



.9 



None. 



73.0 



1.2 



11.6 



12.6 



.7 



22. 1 



Do 



52 



00* 



.9 



None. 



71.4 



12.5 



11.7 



3.3 



.2 



23. 2 



Russian (hard Taganrog) 



49 



eij 



.8 



2.4 



76.2 



1.2 



12.7 



8.1 



3. 1 



17.6 



Do 



49 



6ii 



.8 



2.4 



72.0 



9.6 



12.1 



5.0 



2.9 



15.6 





47 



58 



2.7 



3.1 



72.9 



1.0 



11.0 



10.0 



5. 5 



4.4 



Do 



47 



58 



2.7 



3.1 



72.6 



10.4 



8.5 



3.5 



5.4 



7.9 





43 6 



57* 



12.1 



2.7 



66.9 



.76 



11.4 



7.5 



4. 04 



7.5 



Do 



43 6 



57* 



*a 



2.7 



67.8 



7.2 



6.5 



4.9 



4.2 



6.6 



It will be seen that there were fewest impurities in the New Zealand, Indian soft 

 red, American, and Russian samples. 



The manufacture of bread from Indian wheats by the millstone and also the roller 

 process, and from other samples by the roller method, was next undertaken. The 



8 A— '84 



