FORESTRY BUREAU. 



143 



Alder is quite abundant and grows to 80 or 90 feet high and 2 to ,r 

 in diameter. The timber is soft and light, somewhat like the linden. 

 It is used extensively for inside work in furniture. 



Oregon Ash is a strong and valuable timber, abundant in Oregon and 

 Washington. It grows (30 to 80 feet high and 2 to 3 in diameter. 



Large leaf Maple is found in abundance and is used for many pur- 

 poses. The lumber is valuable, especially the " bird's eye 9 and " curled r 

 varieties, which are used for veneering. It is quite a favorite in towns 

 for shade and ornamental purposes. 



Madrona is a beautiful hard wood and takes a fine polish. It grows 

 50 to 00 feet high and 3 to 4 in diameter. 



Cottonwood is abundant on some of the rivers, grows to a good size, 

 and is considered valuable for some uses. 



Willows of several varieties, and of sufficient size to be of value, can 

 be found in various localities. 



Mountain Mahogany, cherry (black), manzinita, Chilian wood, choke 

 cherry, quaking asp, dogwood, mountain ash, black haw, and service- 

 berry were observed. 



Redwood is peculiarly adapted to the Pacific slope. It is the pre- 

 vailing timber of commerce in California and Southwestern Oregon, 

 and is of great value. Three important points in connection with it are 

 worthy of consideration — the present supply, rate of consumption, and 

 probabilities of reproduction. Xo exact data can be given as to the 

 supply. The census of 1880 estimates the redwood in California, stand 

 ing in the forests, at 25,825,000,000 feet, board measure. The yield per 

 acre is much larger than of any other variety, and while the trees grow 

 exceedingly thick, so thick that in many instances it is impossible to 

 fell one to the ground, they also grow exceedingly large, and instances 

 are cited where one tree produced 240,000 feet of lumber for all purposes 

 for which its various parts could be used. Bayard Taylor, it will be re- 

 membered, reported a tree as yielding 250,000 feet. 



It is estimated that in 1882 2,500,000,000 feet of lumber in its multi- 

 plicity of forms was consumed and handled in San Francisco, and 

 85,000,000 feet in Los Angeles. This vast amount came from Cali- 

 fornia, Oregon, and Washington Territory. 



But little attention has as yet been given to the reproduction of this 

 valuable timber; still there is no doubt out it can be reproduced as read- 

 ily as other varieties. Experiments on a small scale have been made 

 and have proved satisfactory. 



Eucalyptus, or Australian Gum. — Where the climate permits it lias 

 proven to be a valuable introduction, and the more that is known of it 

 the more it grows in popular esteem. In addition to its sanitary and 

 ornamental uses, it is good for fuel. It is sometimes called the " fever 

 tree," because it is claimed for it that it possesses qualities that prevent 

 malarial fever, also disinfectant virtues, and is an antiseptic for wounds, 

 its essential oil being a stimulant, and the tannin in the leaves acting 

 as a tonic astringent, when applied externally, hastens the healing of 

 wounds. It is a rapid grower, but has also density of texture. It does 

 not branch even where growing isolated, and is as durable as oak for 

 railroad ties. The wood is compact, and owing to the resinous matter 

 it contains is unusually incorruptible. 



Mr. Elwood Cooper, of Santa Barbara County, California, has a plan- 

 tation of over 50,000 trees, of thirty varieties. They show a growth in 

 three years from a seedling to 9J inches in diameter and 42J feet high. 

 At the same rate, in sixty years," a tree would be 16 feet in diameter, 



