BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



261 



leave there a deep ulcer, while the mucous membrane of ttoo anterior surface is only 

 slightly inflamed in its submucous tissue ; in this I find lymphatic vessels filled with 

 micrococci, &c. (Page luO.) 



As to the appearance of the lung his last report says : 



Sections through the diseased parts of the lung reveal, in preparations stained as 

 above, the presence of large numbers of micrococci in the cavity of the bronchi and 

 air vesicles, but not in all lungs, since I have found lungs in which they were alto- 

 gether absent. But there are always present in larger or smaller clumps the same 

 minute rod-shaped organisms as mentioned above. They are imbedded in acoagulum 

 filling the air vesicles, or they block up a blood-vessel in the wall of a bronchiole or 

 air vesicle. In the air vesicles I have seen exudation cells, white-blood corpuscles con- 

 taining clumps of the rods ; they are well brought out by Spiller's purple. In the air 

 vesicles of some lungs I have seen them grow to very long chains, leptothrix, ten, 

 twenty, and more times the length of the single rods. These rods were present, not 

 only in the air vesicles, but also in the tissue itself, both of the walls of the air vesicles 

 as well as of the smaller or larger bronchi. (Pages 41, 42.) 



In his first report there is a most radical difference in the description 

 of the situation where the micrococci were seen : 



In the infiltrated, firm, more or less disintegrating parts I find great masses of mi- 

 crococci filling up capillaries and veins, and also contained in lymphatics around arteries. 

 They may be found also in minor bronchi which have been completly blocked up by 

 cheesy inflammatory products, but there the masses of micrococci, conspicuous by 

 their blue coloration in hematoxylin x>reparatious, are generally present in greater or 

 smaller lumps between the outer surface of the plug and the wall of the bronchus. 



The pleura is much swollen, and contains great numbers, continuous layers, of lumps 

 of micrococci. The free surface of the membrane is in many parts covered with them. 

 The exudation fluid is also charged with them, as has been mentioned above. (Pages 

 100, 101.) 



That is to say, in 1876, Dr. Klein was able to find the micrococci not 

 only in the necrotic parts of the ulcerations, but he found them from and 

 before the first signs of necrosis; he found them extending as deep into the 

 tissue of the tongue as the inflammation extended, and in the epiglottis at 

 a point where the submucous tissue teas only slightly inflamed he found the 

 lymphatic vessels filled tvith micrococci. In the lungs, instead of the 

 micrococci being confined to the cavity of the air vesicles and bronchi 

 as he desires us to understand from his last report, he really found them 

 in the infiltrated and firm parts, filling up capillaries, veins and lymphatics. 

 They had even penetrated to the pleura which contained, great numbers 

 and continuous layers of them ; the free surf ace ic as covered with them, and 

 the exudation fluid was charged with them. Their presence in the pleural 

 effusion is sufficient evidence that cross-section of bacilli had not been 

 mistaken for micrococci in the tissues.; and it may, consequently, be 

 accepted as beyond question that this organism existed at the points 

 named in the report of 1876. 



In the last report it is stated that the rods (bacilli) are found u in the 

 bronchial exudation, in the juice of the lung tissue, in the peritoneal 

 exudation, and occasionally, but not generally, also in the blood already 

 in the fresh state." Sections made through the fresh or hardened, 

 swollen mesenteric and inguinal lymph glands are said to reveal the 

 presence of clumps of the same minute rod-shaped organisms. Look- 

 ing at a clump of these organisms, one imagines them at first to be a 

 zooglcea of micrococci, but using oil-immersion lenses and Abbe's sub- 

 stage condenser it becomes certain that they are undoubted rods — some 

 smooth and uniform, others more or less u beaded." 



In the results of the examination of the tissues it will be seen that, 

 with the exception of the lymph glands mentioned, the bacilli of the 

 last report have little if any advantage in situation over the micrococci 

 of the first report. And if we consider that the organisms of these 

 glands so closely resemble micrococci that it requires oil-immersion lenses 



