REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



851 



Coccus innumerabilis, and five years later by Dr. Asa Fitch as Lecanium 

 acericorticis (Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, 1859, pp. 775, 776). Both of 

 these descriptions were lost sight of for a number of years, and the 

 species was redescribed, editorially, in 1809, in the American Entomolo- 

 gist (Vol. I, p. 14) as Lecanium acericola. In the meanwhile, Dr. Joseph 

 Leidy had written an article upon the same insect in 1862 (Report to 

 the Councils of Philadelphia on some of the insects injurious to shade 

 trees, pp. 7-8, 1862), in which he identified it as the Coccus aceris of 

 Europe. Some time (February 7, 1871) after the publication of our de- 

 scription of Lecanium acericola we received letters from Mr. Rathvon, 

 cailiug attention to his figure and description of Coccus innumerabilis, 

 and suggesting the identity of the two. Subsequent correspondence, and 

 a copy of the original paper, convinced us of the correctness ot the sur- 

 mise, and we communicated this conclusion, in 1879, to Mr. J. D. Put- 

 nam, who consequently published his lengthy and admirable account 

 of the species (Prcc. Daveuport Acad. Nat Sci., Vol. II, Part II, pp. 

 293-317, December, 1879) under the old name innumerabilis, placing it, 

 as we had suggested in our correspondence with him, iu the genus Pul- 

 vinaria. Glover (Ann. Kept, Dept. Agr., 1876, p. 44) in 1877 revived 

 Fitch's name of Lecanium acericorticis, which had been overlooked up 

 to this time. Mr. Putnam's (1879) paper, to which we have just referred, 

 is by far the most complete and accurate article which has been pub- 

 lished on the species, and from it we have drawn many of the facts 

 given in our paragraph on the natural history of the insect. In the 

 course of the preparation of his paper we communicated to Mr. Put- 

 nam all of our own notes in regard to the species, and especially those in 

 reference to the synonymy and food plants, which he has embodied. 

 Walsh, in 1869, bred the male abundantly, and in 1875 we ascertained 

 from specimens received from Suel Foster, of Muscatine, Iowa, the fact 

 that the male is found on the leaves. In addition to the papers al- 

 ready mentioned, Miss E. A. Smith published a lengthy illustrated ar- 

 ticle in Thomas's Second Report as State Entomologist of Illinois (pub- 

 lished in 1878) under the name Lecanium acericola. Soon after she 

 published substantially the same article in the American Naturalist 

 (Vol. XII, pp. 6.15-661, October, 1878), using this time Fitch's name, 

 Leca n i um acericorticis. 



LIFE HISTORY. 



The round of life of this species is not strikingly different from that 

 of other Coccids, and is briefly as follows: 



The young lice (Fig. 1, c) hatch iu spring or early summer, walk about 

 actively as soon as born, and settle along the ribs of the leaves (very 

 rarely on the young twigs). They then insert their beaks and begin to 

 pump up sap and to increase in size, a thin layer of a waxy secretion 

 immediately beginning to cover the dorsum. In a little more than three 

 weeks they have increased to double their size at birth, and undergo 

 their first molt, sheddiug the skin, it is supposed, iu small fragments. 

 After this first molt, the waxy secretion increases in abundance and a 

 differentiation between the sexes is observable. The males grow more 

 slender and soon cease to increase in size, covering themselves with a 

 thick coating of whitish wax. The pupa then begins to form within the 

 larval skin, the appendages gradually taking shape, the head separat- 

 ing from the thorax, the mouth -parts being replaced by a pair of ven- 

 tral eyes. A pair of long wax filaments is excreted from near the anus 

 and these continue to grow during the life of the insect. It is the pro- 

 trusion of these filaments from beneath the waxy scale which indicates 



