dilv 



( 



ELLW ANGER & BARRY'S HINTS, ETC. 



properly and effectually, the surface should be removed to the depth of two or three inches, and 

 the water then poured in, and the surface-soil, finely pulverized, re-placed. It will be readih 

 perceived that humidity will thus be preserved around the roots, and the evils above raentiorj 

 wholly avoided. Persons who care much for the success of their trees, will not grudge the litl 

 extra trouble. It is very seldom, however, that recourse need be had to watering, if plantj 

 is properly performed in the first place, as we have described. 



8th. Mulching or covering the earth around the trees, as far as the roots extend, with litter c j 

 rough manure, to the depth of three or four inches, is one of the best methods of saving latfl 

 spring-planted trees. If trees are properly planted in the way we have directed, and this mulch-\ 

 ingis immediately performed, there is little danger of the tree, even if dry weather should ensue. 

 It is much preferable to watering, but both are unnecessary except in cases of late planting, 

 followed by dry, hot weather. 



9th. After-Culture. — 'For several years after young trees are planted, the ground should be 

 kept well cultivated around them, and if necessary, a top dressing of rotten manure should be 

 spaded in by the extremities of the roots occasionally. Such attention as this, will bring treesi 

 quickly into productiveness, while on the other hand, if they are neglected after planting, and the 

 grass and weeds permitted to grow up around them and exhaust the soil of its nourishing proper- 

 ties ; the trees become stunted, mossy, and most likely, diseased, and if they are not cut dowPi 

 they remain but to cumber the ground. 



10th. Pruning. — Trees in open orchard culture, require but little pruning. It is necessary toft 

 apply the knife, however, less or more, every season ; suckers or shoots from the lower part of tk 

 tree, must be kept down ; side branches springing from the body of the tree, must be removed ; 

 the head rauot be kept shapely and open, for the admission of light and air ; and such limbs asj 

 cross each other, or rub against each other, must be removed. This may be done at a leisure sea 

 son of the year, before the opening of the ground. The stone fruits, cherry, &c. , should neve^ ^ 

 be cut or wounded at the season of the year, in the spring, when the sap is flowing rapidly^ 

 then they are liable to " bleed," or " gum," which frequently proves fatal to them. They raH'^ 

 be pruned safely at other times — mid-summer is a good time. 



11th. Catterpillars. — Every proprietor of an orchard or garden, where trees are grown, sho' 

 not fail to take timely measures for the destruction of these filthy, voracious insects. Many sei 

 tions of the country, for a year or two past, have been literally besieged by them. We ha 

 seen orchards, and even trees in door-yards, as destitute of leaves in the months of May and June' " 

 as they were in January, and frightfully loaded with these insects. The nests may be eas! 

 picked off with the hand, in March or April, before hatching, and burned. When alloM'ed i 

 hatch, they may be destroyed in their nests, early in the morning, by saturating them with spir-i^ 

 its of turpentine or ammonia, applied with a piece of cloth or sponge,' tied on the end of a stickl J 

 that will reach into the tree. Guard also against other insects. '' \\ 



i 

 12th. Mice. — Thousands of young trees are destroyed every winter, by being girdled by t!iei!|/ 

 field-mouse. It generally commits its depredations when the ground is covered with snow. To Ji 

 prevent them, as much as possible, from harboring around orchards and fruit gardens, no long ii 

 grass or weeds, or heaps of brush, should be permitted around the fences. Some people practice |i 

 a method of preventing their operations, which is effectual, though rather troublesome — that 





treading down the snow firmly around the trees, as soon as it falls. The most effectual preventive 

 known, is coal tar from the gas works, applied with a brush, about the commencement of winter. 

 to the trunk of the tree, as far as it is probable the mice would reach. 



13th. The Transplanting Seasons are, October and November, in the fall, or from the fall 

 the leaf till the freezing of the ground ; and in the spring, March, April, and May, or from 

 thawing of the ground till the opening of the buds — periods that vary according to the weathe' 

 For all hai-dy deciduous trees, we would recommend early fall planting, as soon as trees can* b 

 removed with safety ; the earth becomes firmly settled around them before winter sets in, Srii 

 they are ready to start with the first movement of vegetation in the spring. Roads, too, are gen 

 erally good early in the fall, and it is much easier for Farmers who go after trees, to get ther 

 then, than in spring. Spring planting is preferable for all tender trees and shrubs, but it shoul 

 be done as early as possible, so that the roots may get established in their new position beforoth 

 arrival of hot or dry weather. 



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