VALUABLE INFORMATION. 



Holv to Make INSECTICIDES. 



FUNGICIDES. 



BORDEArX MIXTVRE. 



Copper Sulphate 6 pounds. 



Quicklime -1 pounds. 



Water 40-o0 gallons. 



Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting in a bag of coarse cloth 

 and hanging this in a vessel holding at least 4 gallons, so that it is 

 just covered by the water. Use an eartliern or wooden vessel. Slake 

 the lime in an equal amount of water. Then mix the two, and add 

 enough water to make 40 gallons. It is then ready for immediate use, 

 but will keep indefinitely. If the mixture is to be used on peach foli- 

 age, i t is advisable to use an extra pound of lime to the above formula. 

 When applied to such plants as carnations or caV)bages, it will adhere 

 better if about a pound of hard soap be dissolved in hot water and 

 added to the mixture. For rots, molds, mildews, and all fungous 

 diseases. 



AMMOXIACAI. COPPER CARBOKATE. 



Copper carbonate 1 ounce. 



Ammonia — enough to dissolve the copper. 



Water 9 gallons. 



The copper carbonate is best dissolved in large bottles, where it 

 will keep iudefinitely, and it should be diluted with water as required. 

 For the same purpose as Bordeaux Mixture. 



COPPER SULPHATE SOLUTIOX. 



Copper Sulphate 1 pound. 



Water 15 gallons. 



Dissolve the copper sulphate in the water, when it is reafly for 

 use. This should never be applied to foliaue, but must be used before 

 the buds break. For peaches aud nectarines, use 25 gallons of water. 

 For fungous diseases. 



INSECTICIDES. 



PARIS GREEX. ^Arseiiites.) 



Paris Green 1 pound. 



Water L'()0-:;nO jrallons. 



If this mi xture is to be used on ju a. li 1 1 , , s. 1 jiound of quicklime, 

 sliould lie added. Paris Green and ISoi ch aux Mixture can be applied 

 together with perfect safely. Use at the rali- of -4 ounces of the arsen- 

 ites to 50 gallons of the mixture. The action of neither is weakened, 

 and the Paris Green loses all caustic properties. For insects which 

 chew. If to be used in our little sprayers, this solution is too weak. 

 Use the smaller quantity of water. 



LONDON PURPLE. 



This is used in the same projMirt ion as Paris Green, but as it is more 

 caustic, it should be applied with two or three times its weight in lime, 

 or with the Bordeau.x Mixture. The composition of London Purple is 

 exceedingly variable, and unless good 7'easons exist for supposing that 

 it contains as much arsenic as Paris Green, use the latter poison. Do 

 not use London Purple on peach or plum trees, unless considerable 

 lime is added. For iusects which chew. 



HELLEBORE. 



Fresh White Hellebore 1 ounce. 



Water 2 gallons. 



Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so energetic as 

 the arsenites, and may be used a short time before the sprayed por- 

 tions mature. For insects which chew. 



KEROSENE EMULSION. 



Hard Soap J/^ pound. 



Boiling Water 1 gallon. 



Kerosene 2 gallons. 



Dissolve the soap in water, add the kerosene, and churn with a 

 IHimp for 5 to 10 minutes. Dilute 10 to 25 times before applying. Use 

 strong emulsion for all scale insects. For insects which suck, as plant 

 lice, mealy bugs, red spider, thrips, bark lice, or scale. Cabbage 

 worms, currant worms, and all Insects which have soft bodies, can 

 also be successfully treated. 



HOW AND WHEN TO SPRAY. 



First Application. 



Apple. — (Canker worm, 

 codling moth, bud moth, 

 scab. I 



Asparagus.— t^Rust,) 



Beau. — Anthracnose ) 



Cabbage. — i Worms, 

 apbis. ) 



Caruatlon4~(Rust and 



otber fungous diseases.; 



Cherry.— ^ Rot, aphis, cnr- 

 culio and slugo 



Curraut.— (Worms, mil- 

 dew.) 



Gtooseberry. — (.Mildew, 

 worms.; 



Grape . ^ Flee-beetle, fun- 

 gous diseases.) 



Nursery Stoct.— (Fun- 

 gous disc ases. ) 



Peacbf Apricot.— (Leaf- 

 curl, curculio, mildew 

 and rot. t 



Pear — i Leaf-blight, scab, 

 psylla and codling moth. 



Plum.— f Black knot, rot, 

 and all fungous diseases, 

 curculio.) 



Potato.— (Beetles, scab, 

 blight I 



Quince.— I Leaf and fruit 



spot, rot.; 

 Raspberry, Black- 



b e r r y. - ( Anthracnose, 



rust.) 



Rose. —(Mildew, black 

 spot, red spider, aphis.; 



Strawberry. — f Rust. ) 



Tomato. — fRot and 

 blight, worms.; 



Violet.— (Blight, red spi- 

 der.j 



Spray before buds start, 

 using copper sulphate solu- 

 tion. 



I As soon as brush appears 

 Bordeaux or Soda - Bor- 

 deaux. 



When blossoms appear, 

 spray with Bordeaux. 



Wiien worms first ap- 

 pear, kerosene emulsion, or 

 >*aris green. 



When planted out, dip 

 in Bordeaux. 



I Before buds start, use 

 1 copper sulphate solution. 

 I For aphis, kerosene emul- j 

 ; sion. 



As soon as worms are 

 I seen, Paris green. j 



I 



As leaves open, Bordeaux 

 and Paris green. 



Before buds burst, cop- 

 per sulphate solution and 

 ir'aris gi een. 



When buds burst, Bor- 

 deaux. 



Before buds swell, cop- 

 per sulphate solution. 



Before buds start, copper 

 sulphate solution 



As buds start, copper sul- 

 phate solution. Cut out 

 knot and burn. 



For scab, soak seed in 

 corrosive sublimate solu- 

 tion 1 2 oz. in 16 gallons of 

 water for 90 minutes.; 



Before buds start, copper 

 sulphate solution. 



Cut out badly diseased 

 canes. Spray with copper 

 sulphate solution belore 

 growth starts. 



Mildew : Keep heating 

 pipes painted with equal 

 parts lime and sulphur 

 mixed with water to a paste. 



Just before blossoms 

 open, Bordeaux and Paris 

 green. 



When first fruits have 

 set, Bordeaux. 



When blight is first seen, 

 weakcoppersulphate. Ker- 

 osene emulsion for insects. 



Second Application, 



After the blossoms have 

 formed, but before they 

 open, Bordeaux and Paris 

 green." 



Repeal every few days. 



10 days later repeat. 



If worms or aphides are 

 present, repeat if plants 

 are not heading, using 

 emulsion for aphis. 



7 to 12 days later, spray 

 plants with Bordeaux. 



When fruit has set, Bor- 

 deaux and Paris green." 



If they reappear, repeat, 

 adding Bordeaux for mil- 

 dew, t I 



In 10 to 14 days, repeat 

 with both. 



When first leaves are 

 half grown, Bordeaux and 

 Paris green. 



Repeat at intervals. 



As soon as fruit has 

 set, Bordeaux and Paris 

 green.* 



Within a week after 

 blossoms fall, Bordeaux 

 and Paris green. 



W^hen fruit has set, Bor- 

 deaux and Paris green. 



When beetles or their 

 larvae appear, Paris green 

 (1 pound to 100 pounds of 

 plaster.; 



When fruit has set, Bor- 

 deaux and Paris green." 



When new canes are one 

 foot high, spray with Bor- 

 deaux mixture. 



Black spot : Spray plan ts 

 once a week with weak 

 copper sulphate. 



When fruit has set, Bor- 

 deaux* or WEAK copper 

 sulphate solutioa. 



If disease appears, re- 

 peat* or use weak copper 

 sulphate solution. 



Repeat at intervals of 10 

 to 20 days, as necessary for 

 blight 



Third Application. 



Within a week after blos- 

 soms have fallen, Bordeaux 

 and Paris green. 



Burn 

 stools. 



badly affected 



10 to 14 days later, weak 

 copper sulphate solution. 



If aphides persist, or if 

 worms reappear, use kero- 

 sene emulsion, if plants are 

 not heading. 



Repeat at inter\'als of a 

 week or ten days until blos- 

 soms open. 



10 to 12 days later, if 

 signs of rot appear, repeat. 



If worms still trouble, 

 pyrethrum or hellebore. f 



10 to 14 days later, sul- 

 phide of potassium on Eng- 

 lish varieties. 



As soon as fruit has set, 

 repeat* 



of 10 to 14 days. 



10 to 12 days later, repeat. 



10 to 12 days later, repeat. 



10 to 12 days later, repeat. 



Repeat whenever neces- 

 sary. 



10 to 12 days later, repeat. 



10 to 14 days later, weak 

 copper sulphate solution. 



Red spider: Kerosene 

 emulsion to under side of 

 foliage. 



As soon as berries are 

 harvested, Bordeaux (if to 

 be kept longer.) 



If necessary, spray with 

 weak copper sulphate solu- 

 tion. 



Note— Use kerosene 

 emulsion, very weak. 



Fourth Application. 



10 to 14 days later, repeat. 



Repeat last, if necessary. 



After heads form, use 

 saltpetre for worms, a tea- 

 spoonful to a gallon of wa- 

 ter ; emulsion for aphides. 



While in bloom, spray 

 every week with the dilute 

 copper sulphate solution. 



10 to 12 days later, copper 

 sulphate solution, weak. 



10 to 14 days later repeat, 

 if necessary." 



10 to 14 days later, Bor- 

 deaux mixture, if disease 

 is present 



10 to 12 days later, repeat 



10 to 16 days later, Bor- 

 deaux. 



10 to 20 days later, Bor- 

 deaux. 



When blightof the leaves 

 is accompanied by rot of 

 the tubers, Bordeaux. 



10 to 20 days later, Bor- 

 deaux. 



When crop is gathered, 

 remove old canes, thin new 

 ones and spray with Bor- 

 deaux mixture. 



Aphis : Kerosene emul- 

 sion. 



Fifth Application. 



10 to 14 days later, Bor- 

 deaux or weak copper sul- 

 phate. 



Repeat, if necessary. 



Repeat, if necessary. 



If mildew persists after 

 crop is gathered, Bordeaux. 



If necessary, very weak 

 copper sulphate solution. 



If rot persists, use very 

 weak copper sulphate solu- 

 tion every 5 to 7 days.f 



10 to 16 days later, Bor- 

 deaux. t 



Weak copper sulphate so- 

 lution, as is necessary. 



Repeat, if necessary. 



Bordeaux or copper sul- 

 phate sol., as is necessary. 



EXPLANATION. — Whenever an Aster- 

 isk (:■■) is used it cautions against spraying 

 with poisons while the plants are in blossom. 

 A Dagger (f) indicates that there is danger of 

 making an application within three weeks of 

 the time the fruit is to be used as food. 



