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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



proximity to the ice front. This is a particularly important con- 

 clusion in its bearing on the clays shown on the opposite side of 

 the river at Fishkill Landing. 



The clays at Fishkill and Dutchess Junction border on the 

 river and are apparently free from overlying gravels and sands ; 

 but higher up at 140 to 160 feet are sandy terraces apparently 

 referable to the Newburg stage. The details of glacial structure 

 here require further study in the light of better sections than 

 those exposed in the season of 1900. Enough is known however 

 to show that after the ice front had withdrawn to the north side 

 of the Highlands, it lay along the western side of the river at the 

 back of the Newburg terrace while deposits of gravel, sand and 

 clay were making in the Hudson gorge in front of it. 



The southern end of the ice at this stage lay near West New- 

 burg. Marginal kames occur between Newburg and Dickson 

 lake. At the base of Snake hill there are morainal mounds curv- 

 ing eastward. At Windsor station one appears to be outside of 

 the frontal moraine. An old overflow channel or crease is well 

 shown J mile southeast from the railroad station west of New 

 Windsor. It runs through the southwestern part of a cemetery 

 at an elevation of 140 feet. The channel is from 300 to 400 feet 

 wide, cut in outwash sands which rise in the southern part of 

 the cemetery to the hight of 160 feet, showing that while the 

 ice still remained in this field the level of standing water in the 

 neighboring river was much below that of the 160 foot terrace. 

 Terraces made in the presence of ice are invariably above the 

 level of standing water in the extraglaeial region. From the 

 facts at New Hamburg described below it would seem as if the 

 water in the open Hudson gorge was at this stage not much 

 above 100 feet higher than it now is. 



North of Newburg the surface facing the river on that side has 

 an eroded appearance, blending with the glaciated region of the 

 western side of the valley. It suggests to the eye the occupation 

 of this part of the valley by the ice while the Newburg terrace 

 was forming; in other words, the ice front here approached and 

 crossed the river. That it crossed the river somewhere between 

 this locality and New Hamburg is shown by the decisive evidence 

 as to the ice front at the latter place. 



