ANCIENT WATER LEVELS OF CHAMPLA1 N— H UDSON VALLEYS 193 



due to the influx of waters from Lake Iroquois, gradually lowered 

 the level of the waters in the lakes on the north till Lake Albany 

 as such was drained, leaving Lake Vermont behind barriers of at 

 first superficial deposits in the SchuylerviHe district and when 

 these had been breached by the excurrent stream it was still held 

 in by the divide in the floor of the Wood creek channel near Fort 

 Edward. This hypothesis which regards the whole of the eastern 

 part of the state as moving blocklike without essential warping 

 in the tilting appears to me to have more support than the idea 

 of warped levels. It regards the land as tilting down on the 

 north as the ice went off, remaining down for a time, and then 

 beginning the reversed upward movement which probably is still 

 in progress over the north as its opposite is taking place at the 

 month of the Hudson. 



Outlets of Lake Vermont. The question of the outlets of Lake 

 Vermont, the glacial lake held in over the site of the present 

 lake Champlain and extending southward into the Fort Edward 

 district, to which reference has been so frequently made in these 

 pages, has not been completely exploited as yet by field work. 

 The principal points remaining undetermined concern the possi- 

 bility of an early high level stage of overflow through the 

 Winooski valley into the Connecticut and a leaking out of the 

 waters along the northern end of the Green mountains past 

 the ice sheet into the St Lawrence gulf at a late stage in the 

 lake history just before the marine invasion. Between the 

 very high and the very low stages of level at which these con- 

 tingencies might arise in the situation of the outlet of waters 

 over the Champlain area there are a number of data which point 

 to the location of outlets accordant with the intermediate lake 

 levels on the hypothesis of tilting to thp south. These outlets 

 lie between the vicinity of Fort Edward rtud Stillwater in the 

 upper Hudson valley coincident with and south of the present 

 divide between the Champlain and Hudson basins. 



The outlets in this vicinity are described below under the title 

 of the Quaker Springs, the Coveville (or Dovegat), and the Fort 

 Edward outlets. 



Quaker Springs outlet. The surface of the western terrace of 

 the Hudson gorge in the vicinity of the battlefield of Saratoga 

 from near Quaker Springs southward to Stillwater is partially 



