ANCIENT WATER LEVELS OF CH A MPLAIN— HUDSON VALLEYS 197 



settlement displays an eroded edge. Similar indications of the 

 old level of the river exist on the west bank of the present 

 gorge opposite Fort Miller. This drainage must have been 

 active since the building of the delta of the Batten kill and 

 before the reexcavation of the straight gorge from Fort Miller 

 to Coveville, an inference which carries with it the corrollary 

 that the old gorge was filled with drift at least from Coveville 

 to somewhere near the mouth of the Moses kill. The occupation 

 of this old side valley must have been relatively late, after the 

 disappearance of lakes in the upper Hudson valley south of Fort 

 Edward and likewise after the gorge below Coveville had been 

 cleared of the sands and clays which must earlier have partly or 

 wholly filled it. 



The. evidence of an old shelving water fall at Coveville shows 

 that during the time a discharge was taking place through the 

 outlet, the bottom of the Hudson gorge was there above sea 

 level. What appears to be the old pool is now about 100 feet 

 above sea level. 



On the diagram, plate 28, the line C-D is introduced to show the 

 beaches and deltas which it is believed are correlated with this 

 outlet. It marks perhaps the most extended state of Lake Ver- 

 mont exception being made of the addition which was later to 

 come from ithe further retreat of the ice from, the country north 

 of Cobblestone hill near West Chazy. 



Before turning to the lowest outlet, the following account of 

 the phenomena in the lower valley of the Moses kill serves to 

 show an intermediate stage in the excavation of the old drift 

 filling of the Hudson gorge as well as in the outlets of the lake 

 on the north. 



Washed rocks near the mouth of the Moses hill. About a mile 

 above the confluence of the Moses kill with the Hudson river the 

 gorge widens out into a lower valley into which several streams 

 come down from the terraces of the Hudson on the south and 

 west with a backhanded drainage. The Moses kill entering this 

 way on the east, turns sharply, once it is in this valley, to the 

 southwest and hesitatingly enters the Hudson flowing first 

 through a narrow vale between the main wall of the terrace and 

 an outlying spur of rock on the floor of the valley. This spur 

 composed of the Hudson river slates and characterized locally by a 



