INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 393 



wood lightly at first but as the grubs increase in size the wood is entered 

 more deeply, till nearly half the burrow may be therein 



Natural enemies. ■""This little insect appears to be kept well in check 

 by natural enemies, of which a number have been recorded. Dr Hopkins 

 lists the predaceous Phymatodera bi color Say as an associate 

 and C 1 e r u s q u a d r i s i g n a t u s Say var. n i g r i p e s Say has been 

 observed under red cedar bark with this insect. Several small parasites 

 also prey on this species. S p a t h i u s canadensis Ashm., a species 



adult gallery and egg notches (author's small gallery and larval mines (author's 



illustration) illustration) 



of Pteromalus and a species of Eurytoma have been observed by Dr 

 Hopkins preying on this borer. The writer has reared another small 

 parasite from this insect which has been kindly determined by Mr Ashmead 

 asCaudonia pityophthori Ashm. 



Bibliography 



1890 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. 5th Rep't, p. 904-6 



1893 Hopkins, A. D. W. Va. Agric. Sta. Bui. 32, p. 185, 186, 213, 222, 224. 226 

 1903 Felt, E. P. For. Fish and Game Com. 7th Rep't, p. 522-23 



