404 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



the vicinity of wounded areas on the trunk, and that they cannot penetrate 

 the outer bark of other than tender trees or the branches of larger trees. 

 He found galleries of the insect in both the trunk and branches above and 

 below the whorls, and states that sometimes the borers completely girdle 

 the stem and kill the portion above. The work described by Dr Kellicott 

 was quite different from that observed by us at Karner and it may be that 

 two species have become confused. A thin, papery cocoon is spun in July, 

 as stated by Mr Grote, and the moth appears 10 to 14 days later. We have 

 bred it the latter part of July. 



Food plants. Mr Charles Zimmerman, for whom this species was 

 named, records it on the following pines: P inns strobus, P. rubra 

 or P. resino s a, P. a u s t r i a c a, P. s y 1 v e s t r i s, P. cembra and on 

 the Corsican, lofty Bothan and Russian pines. He states that P i n u s 

 sylvestris seems to suffer most, as the limbs and even the main stems 

 are constantly breaking off. The hard pine, Pin us resinosa, is the 

 common species at Karner, and we have yet to find the insect appearing on 

 any other and in a manner different from that described above. Conse- 

 quently, we are at a loss to account for its wide range of food plants and 

 very different method of work noted by earlier writers, unless there has 

 been a change in food habit or two species are under consideration. 



Injuries. Dr Kellicott, writing of this insect in 1879, states that many 

 small pines at Hastings, Oswego co. were seriously infested, and Professor 

 Grote expressed the belief the same year that this insect caused more 

 injury to young white pines than any other species. 



Distribution. Dr Kellicott found this species at Buffalo, Cheektowaga, 

 Hamburg and Clarence, Erie co. and Hastings, Oswego co. He also found 

 it common in both cultivated and forest pines at Corunna Mich., it being 

 especially destructive to small ornamental pines and spruces in a cemetery. 

 I [e took eight pupae from the trunk of a single spruce. 



Parasites. A parasite was found by Mr Grote filling the cocoons of 

 this insect, and Dr Kellicott records the presence of this beneficial species 

 in localities where the moth is abundant. He also bred another parasite 

 from this insect but has not recorded its name so far as known. 



