INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 367 



recorded by Dr Packard as occurring under the bark of pitch pine and 

 balsam trees. He found this species abundant under the bark of a white 

 pine log at Salem T^Iass., in October, and states that he has frequently 

 detected it in the same situations in Maine. He obtained both the larvae 

 and adults Ap. 24. Dr Hopkins has recorded this species as mining under 

 the bark of dying trees and states that it is common in Virginia. He 

 records the presence of adults Ap. 8, May 5, 9, Oct. 17, Dec. 19, and pupa 

 in October, and larvae July 14. He adds that it is a very common borer in 

 decaying pine wherever the trees grow in West Virginia. 



Description. This beetle is a grayish insect, mottled with black, about 

 5/s inch long. Its general forms and markings are well shown on plate 64, 

 figure 1. The prothoracic spines and the two prominent ridges on each 

 wing cover are the most characteristic features of this beetle. 



The pupa is white, rather stout, and varies in length from about ]/ 2 to 

 nearly ^ inch. The dorsum of the head, meso- and metathorax and each 

 abdominal segment bear minute hairs or setae somewhat grouped on each 

 side of the dorsal line. The brown abdominal spiracles are conspicuous 

 [pi. 64, fig. 4]. 



The pupal cell is constructed just under the bark. It is oval, about y 2 

 by inches in diameter and is partly lined with somewhat decayed wood 

 particles. The most characteristic feature is the mass of fibers torn from 

 the wood at the bottom of the cell and incorporated in its walls [pi. 64, 

 fig. 7]. The excavation in the wood is probably necessary to give requisite 

 depth for the thicker pupa and beetle. This is in marked contrast to the 

 pupal cells of Pytho americanus Kirby, a species frequently associ- 

 ated with Rhagium and which is noticed on page 368. 



The white flattened grub or larva ranges in length from ^ to 1^ 

 inches and is remarkable for its broad head which is amber colored and is 

 fully as wide as the thoracic segments. The powerful jaws are tipped with 

 black. The corneous prothoracic shield is yellowish, and the six true legs 

 are poorly developed [pi. 64, fig. 11]. 



Life history. Some larvae, pupae and many beetles were found under 



