358 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Life history. Adults of this species were entering limbs in large 

 numbers at Manor L. I. Oct. 3, 1900, the galleries evidently being both 

 for hibernation and food. They were a little over inch in diameter, 

 exceedingly tortuous and apparently without plan. In one portion the 

 beetles had just begun their operations and the curious manner in which 

 they work in living bark is shown on plate 60, figure 1. A more advanced 

 stage is illustrated at plate 60, figure 2, and this shows how completely a 

 limb may be girdled within a short time. The specimen from which this 

 illustration was made was taken from a limb about 10 feet long which bore 

 many green needles. The foliage dropped readily and as the tree had 

 apparently been vigorous till within a short time, the primary injury was 

 attributed to this insect. A central or entrance chamber will be seen in 

 both of these illustrations, though most of the galleries are very irregular. 

 The tendency of the adults to work largely with the grain of the bark is 

 shown in plate 60, figure 3, which illustrates a very badly eaten piece of 

 hard pine bark. There was very little or no evidence of the operations of 

 the larva in this instance. Dr Packard states that the burrows of this 

 species are much like those of T. call i graph u s Germ, except that the 

 main gallery is narrower, being about I / 10 inch in diameter and the exit 

 holes to correspond with the smaller size of the beetle. 



So far as our observations go the galleries made by the beetles during 

 the breeding period are more regular and are apt to run with the grain of 

 the bark, the eggs being deposited on either side and the young making 

 more or less oblique, serpentine galleries in the adjacent tissues. Later, 

 the infested bark may become a mass of interlacing burrows partly filled 

 with brown particles of decaying bark. A few of the adult galleries may 

 remain comparatively untouched, but, as a rule, they are not so straight and 

 sharply defined as are those of Tomicus calligraphus Germ. Dr 

 Hopkins has observed that the beetles are attracted by turpentine. 



Distribution. The distribution of this species has been given by Dr 

 LeConte as the Southern and Western States and Dr Packard credits it 

 with injuring the pines of North Carolina and southward even more than 



