342 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



transverse rather tortuous galleries in the inner bark and sapwood, thus 

 causing a copious exudation of pitch which is the most tangible evidence of 

 their presence in a tree. Pupation occurs within the mass of pitch and just 

 prior to the emergence of the moth, the pupa wriggles itself partly out of 

 this sticky medium and is thus in a position to release the adult so that it 

 may not become smeared with the pitch [pi. 45, fig. 4.]. Dr Kellicott bred 

 a dipterous parasite from this species and as the larva frequently moves 

 through the pitch and is almost always within its pitchy burrows, it is some- 

 what difficult to understand how a parasitic fly could get at such a host. 

 The excrement of the larvae is mixed somewhat with pitch and the cater- 

 pillar apparently moves through this substance as easily as some others 

 through water. 



Turpentine bark beetle 



Dcndroctonus terebrans Oliv. , 



Masses of pitch at the base of large pines usually indicate the presence of a stout 

 brownish beetle about 3/ l6 to l /± inch in length which, with its grubs, bores the inner bark. 



This species is very common in New York State judging from collec- 

 tions in various localities, and the masses of pitch occurring at the base of 

 larger trees is a most characteristic sign of its presence. A number of 

 grubs and larvae of this species were found working in the living tissues at 

 the base of hard pines at Manor L. I., in 1900. The insect was observed 

 in the vicinity of Albany the same year and in 1901 at Round Lake and 

 other localities. Pitch may be found flowing slowly from the wounds the 

 latter part of the summer and pitch tubes on adjacent parts of the tree 

 give additional evidence to the liking of this beetle for living tissues. 

 Tomicus cacographus Lec. was observed working in large numbers 

 in hard pines infested by this borer on Long Island and in the Hudson 

 river valley. Tomicus c a 1 1 i g r a p h u s Germ, and some smaller species 

 were found working in the trunk and limbs of trees infested by this insect. 

 In no instance has the writer been able to trace very serious injury to the 

 work of this borer. The greater part of the damage appears to have been 

 done by species of Tomicus. 



Early history. This species was observed by Dr Harris and he states 



