INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 645 



ing from rosy to a pale clingy color. The general form and structure 

 is shown at figure 1 78 The young of the stem mother or the second 

 generation attain maturity early in July and commence leaving the galls, 

 continuing to issue till late in the fall. They migrate to birches where 

 they settle on the leaves and each female produces from 30 to 40 or more 

 young. This, the third generation, is peculiar in its resemblance to the 



c— antenna; </=eye ; ?=adult female, dorsal view ; Fig. 182 H a m a m e 1 i s t e s spinosus: pseudogalls 



y=ventral view ; £=antenna, much enlarged (After or corrugations on birch leaves, natural size (After 



Pergande, U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. Pergande, U.S. Dep't Agric. Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 9, 



9, 1901) 190*) 



young of a Lecanium [fig. 179]. The recently hatched young are reddish 

 brown, with pale yellow legs and antennae and purplish eyes. They soon 

 change to a brilliant dark metallic blue green. The adult female is broadly 

 oval, deep black, convex [fig. 180]. This insect hibernates on the birch 

 twigs, becoming covered with a waxy secretion. Activity is resumed the 

 middle of April, when the females become full grown and produce young, 

 the fourth generation. These latter are remarkable insects with their 



