136 



Report of the State Geologist. 



notable fact that the closest parallel to this fauna is involved in highly cal- 

 careous sediments; those of Martenberg, in Westphalia. 



The figures given upon our plates and pages are sufficient evidence of the 

 fact that shells retaining the aperture unbroken and all fine ornaments in a 

 perfect condition are not of infrequent occurrence. In man}- such cases, 

 especially those expressing earlier growth stages and thus possessing the 

 most fragile shells, these have been derived from calcareous concretions which 

 represent the segregation of the lime element in the sediments. These, with 

 other instances of maturer unbroken shells are demonstration that they have 

 escaped the play of the waves and violence of the tides to which, in transpor- 

 tation, they must have been subjected. The pretty sharply defined localization 

 of the goniatite specie* in different parts of this province is evidence against 

 transportation. To these facts we have already referred ; Tornoceras hicos- 

 tut inn rarely extends east of the Genesee river; Torn, wrvia/ngulare as 

 rarely west therefrom; Manticoceras Pattersoni is represented in the western 

 region by Mantic. rhynchostoma Probelocei'as Lutlieri is much more profusely 

 represented east than west of the Genesee, while Beloceras iynx has not been 

 observed -west of that meridian. 



While the evidence is conclusive that this goniatitine element as well as 

 other organic elements of the normal Naples fauna, is not a mechanical invasion, 

 a congeries of flotation, but is in harmony with its components in mode and 

 direction of derivation (except as a few particular instances may be cited), 

 there are, on the other hand, excellent reasons for regarding the prenuncial 

 Intumescens fauna, that of the Styliola limestone, as due to transportation 

 from some adjoining province not yet known to us. This thin nodular 

 stratum, largely composed of Styliolina, is intruded into highly bitu- 

 minous beds of argillo-siliceous shales. There are placoderm fishes and 

 land plants, with ammonoids, gasteropods, lamellibranchs and crinoids of 

 Intumescens-zone types, embedded among millions of the pelagic, planktonic 

 Styliolina ; and all alike impregnated with the bituminous matters which 

 so effectively characterize the Genesee shales. In such organic and inorganic 

 surroundings no goniatite could have lived. 



