DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS 



27 



Megastizus speciosus Drury, bag worm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis 

 Haw, saddle back caterpillar, Sibiue stimulea Clem., nine pronged wheel 

 bug, Prio/iidus cristatus Linn., harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia his- 

 trionica Hahn, tulip scale, Lccanium tulipiferae Cook, and Carolina 

 mantis, Stagmomantis Carolina Linn. Exact records of the occurrence 

 of these forms are rare, and notes in regard to them and their relative 

 abundance will be welcomed. 



Imported insect pests. The formidable list of injurious insects 

 which have invaded the United States from other countries and now 

 cause immense annual losses, illustrate the importance of this subject. 

 Without attempting an exhaustive compilation, the following are some 

 of the more destructive insects. Attacking the apple, pear, cherry and 

 peach; codling moth, Tmetocera ocellana Schiff., apple aphis, Aphis mali 

 Fabr., apple tree bark louse, Mytilaspis pomorum Bouch6, San Jos6 scale, 

 Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., pear midge, Diplosis pyrivora Riley, bark 

 borer, Xyleborus dispar Fabr., pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerst, cherry 

 aphis, Myzus ccrasi Fabr., and the peach bark borer, Scolytus rugulosus 

 Ratz. These species are well known as dangerous enemies of fruit trees. 



Gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn., elm-leaf beetle, Galerucella 

 luteola Miill., and elm -bark louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff., are three bad 

 enemies of elms. The first named does not occur in this state, though it 

 has committed extensive ravages in eastern Massachusetts. Wheat has 

 suffered most severely from the Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say, 

 the grain aphis, Nectarophora granaria kirby and from the wheat midge, 

 Diplosis tritici Kirby, while clover is frequently attacked by the clover 

 leaf weevil, Phytonomns punctatus Fabr., or after it has been dried, by the 

 clover hay worm, Pyralis costalis Fabr. A few other imported pests 

 may be named; asparagus beetles Crioceris asparagi Linn., and 

 C. \2-p11nctata Linn., onion fly, Phorbia ceparum Meigen, cow horn fly 

 Haematobia serrata Rob.-Desv., carpet beetle, Anthrenns scrophulariae 

 Linn., larder beetle, Dermesics lardarius Linn., red ant, Mo?wmorium 

 pharaonis Linn, and the croton bug, Phyllodromia germanica Fabr. 



There is hardly a person who can not recognize in the above-named 

 insects, one or more which has caused him considerable loss, while the 

 farmer knows many of them from sad experience. Yet these have all 

 been introduced from abroad and some are still spreading over the 

 country. Of the 73 injurious species regarded by Dr Howard as of first 

 importance, each causing annual losses running into hundreds of thous- 

 ands of dollars, 37 have been introduced, 30 are known to be native, 

 while the original home of 6 is open to question. An effort is being made 



