PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MAMMALS OF NEW YORK 323 



northern part of the state wherever the requirements of its Hudsonian 

 nature are met. 



Principal records. Batchelder: "At Beedes, Essex co. N. Y. late in 

 the summer of 1894 ... I made . . . the very unexpected discovery 

 that Microtus chrotorrhinus was common there, at least in one particular 

 locality " ('96a, p. 188). Mearns: "One adult male was trapped in a 

 pile of moss-covered rocks on a shoulder of Hunter mountain, at an alti- 

 tude of about 3500 feet, August 25, 1896. Many traps were subsequently 

 placed about this spot, but no others were caught " ('98, p. 349). 



Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord) Common meadow mouse 

 1815 Mus pennylvanicus Ord, Guthrie's geography. Am. ed. 2 p. 292. 

 1825 Arvicola riparius Ord, Acad. nat. sci., Philadelphia journ. v. 4 



pt. 2, p. 305, 1825. 

 1842 Arvicola riparius De Kay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia, p. 84. 

 1842 Arvicola hirsutus De Kay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia, p. 86. 

 1842 Arvicola oneida DeKay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia, p 88. 

 1842 Arvicola xanthognathus De Kay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia, 

 p. 90. 



1884 Arvicola riparius Merriam, Linn. soc. New York. Trans. 2 : 174. 



1895 Microtics pennsylvanicus Rhoads, American naturalist. Oct. 1895. 



29 : 940. 



1896 M\icrotus\ pennsylvanicus Fisher, The Observer. May 1896. 



7 : 198. 



1898 Microtus pennsylvanicus Mearns, Am. mus. nat. hist. Bui. 



9 Sep. 1898. 10: 333. 

 1898 Microtus pennsylvanicus Mearns, U. S. Nat. mus. Proc. 21: 34^. 



Type locality. Near Philadelphia, Pa. 



Faunal position. The common meadow mouse ranges from well 

 within the Canadian zone nearly to the northern edge of the lower 

 austral zone. In the Hudsonian zone it is replaced by a smaller soft- 

 furred race Microtus pennsylvanicus fontigenus (Bangs, '96b, p. 48, 

 Miller, '97b, p. 14), and in the upper part of the upper austral zone by a 

 much darker form M. pennsylvanicus nigrans (Rhoads, '97d, p. 307). 



Habitat. Open, grassy places both wet and dry. 



Distribution in New York. The meadow mouse is one of the most 

 abundant mammals throughout the cleared portions of the state. Its 

 range has undoubtedly been very much extended by the removal of the 

 forests, and consequent increase in the area of grass lands. 



