REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AND STATE GEOLOGIST 1902 I'91 



places, at the bottom of the deposit, there is a mixture of marl 

 and moss, at others there are intercalated layers of muck ranging 

 from a few inches to 4 feet in thickness. 



Owing to the fact that there is very little vegetable mold at 

 the top, and that all the organic matter burns out, there is no 

 need of stripping. In the marl are large numbers of the shells 

 of fresh-water snails, common in the region, while bones and 

 deer horns are frequently found. In this connection it is in- 

 teresting to note the uncovering at a depth of about 7 feet of a 

 tree which showed evidences of fire. 



The material is excavated by means of a steam dredge and 

 loaded into trolley cars, which convey it up an inclined track 

 to the works. 



The company has 70 acres of clay on the flood plain of the 

 Genesee, at Canawaugua The clay is very homogeneous and of 

 bluish color, running about 12 feet in depth. It is spaded into 

 cars and shipped by the Erie Railroad to the works. 



The clay and marl are both stored till perfectly air-dried. 

 From the storage bins, the raw material is thrown into hoppers, 

 which lead into comminuters of the coffee mill type, from which 

 it is taken by a bucket conveyor to rotary drying kilns, through 

 which the heated gases from the calcining kilns are conducted, 

 the temperature being about 1700° Fahrenheit. The time con- 

 sumed in drying a given quantity of clay or marl is about 20 

 minutes. The clay and marl are then conveyed by bucket 

 elevators to separate storage bins from which they are admitted 

 to hopperlike scales and proportioned for mixing. From here 

 they are conveyed to a tube mill and ground, and then to storage 

 bins. The mixture is next introduced into the upper end of the 

 large, nearly horizontal, rotary kilns. The material is gradually 

 worked down through these inclined tubes by rotation, and in 

 about an hour falls into cooling bins in the form of clinkers. The 

 cooled clinker is conveyed to ball mills and ground, then pulver- 

 ized in a tube mill. This material is then carried to the storage 

 room, where it is prepared for shipping. 



The kilns are fueled by blowing into them pulverized coal 

 and are heated to a temperature of about 3000° to 3900° Fahren- 

 heit. The capacity of the mill is 450 barrels of cement a day. 



