GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE BUFFALO QUADRANGLE 13 



thick in Fogelsonger's quarry at Williamsville and in Quinn's 

 quarry 2 miles farther east, but decreases rapidly to 3 feet a short 

 distance beyond. The bed is recognizable continuously toward 

 the east along the Helderberg escarpment to Albany county, vary- 

 ing in thickness but maintaining the same general character, and 

 is quarried all along this line of outcrop, furnishing a large amount 

 of building and dimension stone of fine quality. 



The succeeding beds, which contain a large proportion of chert, 

 are also quarried extensively, furnishing excellent material for road 

 making and concrete. Some layers in the upper beds are again 

 almost free from chert at certain localities. 



The lower Onondaga limestone beds are well exposed on the west 

 side of Niagara river at Black Rock and slightly on its east side; 

 also in Forest Lawn cemetery; also extensively in the Buffalo 

 Cement Co.'s quarries and thence northeastward to Fogelsonger's 

 quarry and Williamsville. Larger exposures of the middle and 

 upper part of the formation may be seen in quarries in the region 

 extending on both sides of Fillmore avenue from Leroy avenue to 

 Delevan and from Leroy avenue to Worcester place and along 

 Delevan avenue to Dutton; also in Cutter & Bailey's quarry at 

 the intersection of Bailey avenue and the New York Central Rail- 

 road. 



Beyond the limits of this quadrangle extensive exposures em- 

 bracing the entire section of this formation are found jn the vicinity 

 of Leroy, Genesee co.; Phelps, Ontario co.; Union Springs, Cayuga 

 co. Marcellus, Onondaga Valley, Jamesville and Manlius, Onon- 

 daga co. and at other localities still farther east in the State. 



The average thickness of the Onondaga limestone in 1 2 wells in 

 this vicinity according to driller's records is 168 feet. In the 

 carefully kept record of the Lackawanna Steel Co.'s well on Smoke's 

 creek 1904, it is given as 162 feet. It is somewhat less in the 

 eastern part of the quadrangle. At the Livonia salt shaft in Liv- 

 ingston county it is 136 feet; in the deep well at Ithaca, 78 feet; 

 in Onondaga county, 65 feet; at Clarksville, Albany co., 85 feet 

 and at Countryman hill, 100 feet. 



This formation is exceedingly rich in remains of animal life 

 but it is frequently quite difficult to obtain good specimens. There 

 have been found in it 3 species of fish; 39 of crustaceans, mostly 

 trilobites; 13 of cephalopods; 3 of pteropods; 38 of gastropods; 

 15 of lamellibranchs; 48 of brachiopods; many bryozoans and 

 corals and a few crinoids. Some of the more common fossils are: 

 the trilobites Odontocephalus selenurus and P h a - 



