420 



SCIENCE. 



eighth grain of morphia ; wound discharging laudable 

 pus; temperature, ioi)4 ', pulse, no; respiration, 24. 



July 10. — Restless night, no morphia being given. 

 Wound still discharging healthy pus. Temperature, 

 101% ;. pulse, 110; respiration, 26. 



July 11. — Temperature, 101 ; pulse, no; respiration, 

 24. 



July 12. — Temperature, 102; pulse, no; respiration, 

 22. Ordered digitalis. 



July 13.— Temperature, ioo)4 ; pulse, 100 ; respiration, 

 22. Urine containing traces of albumen. Solid food ta- 

 ken and retained. 



July 14. — Temperature, 101 ; pulse, 108 ; respiration, 

 20. 



July 15. — Temperature, ioo)4 ; pulse, 95 ; respiration, 

 22. 



July 16. — Temperature, ioo>£ ; pulse, 100 ; respiration, 

 22. 



July 17.— Temperature, 101 ; pulse, 100; respiration, 

 23- 



July 18. — Temperature, 101 ; pulse, 100 ; respiration, 

 22. 



July 19.— Very restless night. Temperature, 101^ ; 

 pu :se, 130; respiration, 34. Complains of pain in the re- 

 gion of the heart. 



July 20. — Temperature ioi)4 ', pulse, 120; respiration, 



34. 



July 21. — Temperature, 101 ; pulse, 1 12 ; respiration, 

 3 2 - 



July 23. — Restless night, troubled much by a short, 

 hacking cough ; wound entirely healed, Temperature, 

 100?^ ; pulse, 106 ; respiration, 32. Vomited his break- 

 fast. 



July 24. — Passed a restless night notwithstanding the 

 free use of bromide- Temperature, 103 ; pulse, 130 ; res- 

 piration, 38. Still troubled with cough, wnich distresses 

 him greatly ; cannot retain solid food. Stimulants freely 

 given. 



July 25. — Slept better, but cough still troubles him ; 

 breathing labored. Temperature, 100^ ; pulse, 65 ; res- 

 piration, 39 ; muscular twitching of hands and feet. 



July 26. — Much more comfortable this morning. Tem- 

 perature, 100 ; pulse, 92 ; respiration, 40 ; digitalis dis- 

 continued. 



July 27. — Temperature, 99 ; pulse, 58 ; respiration. 36. 

 July 28. — Temperature, 98^; pulse, 56; respiration, 



30. 



July 29. — Temperature, 99 ; pulse. 60 ; respiration. 32. 



July 30. — Delirious during the night, attempted to get 

 out of bed. Temperature, 99^ ; pulse, 52; strong and 

 full ; respiration, 28. 



July 31. — Temperature 99^ ; pulse, 68; respiration, 

 32. Delirious during night. Bromides given freely. 



August 1. — Temperature, 100; pulse, 52; strong and 

 full ; respiration, 34. 



August 2. — Temperature, 98^ ; pulse, 51 ; respiration. 

 30. Delirious during night. 



August 3. — Temperature, 98^ ; pulse, 108 ; respiration, 

 22. Troubled very much with attacks of coughing. 



August 4. —Temperature, 98 >£; pulse, 100; respira- 

 tion, 24. 



August 5. — Temperature, 98^ ; puls°, 96; respiration, 

 24. 



August 6. — Temperature, 100 ; pulse, 96 ; respiration, 

 20. 



August 7. — Temperature, 99 ; pulse 94 ; respiration 19. 



August 8— Temperature, 98;^ ; pulse, 88 ; respiration, 

 22 ; sleeps well ; appetite, good. 



August 9.— Temperature, 98^ ; pulse, 90 ; respiration, 

 20. 



August 13. — Temperature, pulse and respiration have 

 remained the same as on August 9. The patient for the 

 first time to-day since his injury has been allowed to get 

 up and dress. 



August 18. — Doing well since last report. Walks 



around the wards ; eats and sleeps well, the bullet re- 

 maining in his body. 



ON THE GERM THEORY* 

 By Prof. Pasteur. 



" The subject of my communication is vaccination in 

 relation to chicken cholera and splenic fever, and a 

 statement of the method by which we have arrived at 

 these results — a method the fruitfulness of which inspires 

 me with boundless anticipations. Before discussing the 

 question of splenic fever vaccine, which is the most im- 

 portant, permit me to recall the results of my investiga- 

 tions of chicken cholera. It is through this inquiry that 

 new and highly important principles have been introduced 

 into science concerning the virus or contagious quality of 

 transmissible diseases. More than once in what I am 

 about to say I shall employ the expression virus-culture, 

 as formerly, in my investigations on fermentation, I 

 used the expressions, the culture of milk ferment, the 

 culture of the butyric vibrion, etc. Let us take, then, a 

 fowl which is about to die of chicken cholera, and let us 

 dip the end of a delicate glass rod in the blood of the 

 fowl with the usual precautions, upon which I need not 

 here dwell. Let us then touch with this charged point 

 some bouillon de fioule, very clear, but first of all ren- 

 dered sterile under a temperature of about 115 centi- 

 grade, and under conditions in which neither the outer 

 air nor the vases employed can introduce exterior germs 

 — those germs which are in the air, or on the surface of 

 all objects. In a short time, if the little culture vase is 

 placed in a temperature of 25° to 35 , you will see the 

 liquid become turbid and full of tiny microbes, shaped 

 like the figure 8, but often so small that under a high 

 magnifying power they appear like points. Take from 

 this vase a drop as small as you please, no more than can 

 be carried on the point of a glass rod as sharp as a 

 needle, and touch with this point a fresh quantity of 

 sterilized bouillon de fioule placed in a second vase, and 

 the same phenomenon is produced. You deal in the same 

 way with a third culture vase, with a fourth, and so on 

 to a hundred, or even a thousand, and invariably within 

 a few hours the culture liquid becomes turbid and filled 

 with the same minute organisms. 



"At the end of two or three days' exposure to a tem- 

 perature of about 30° C. the thickness of the liquid disap- 

 pears, and a sediment is formed at the bottom of the 

 vase. This signifies that the development of the minute 

 organism has ceased — in other words, all the little points 

 which caused the turbid appearance of the liquid have 

 fallen to the bottom of the vase, and things will remain 

 in this condition for a longer or shorter time, tor months 

 even, without even the liquid or the deposit undergoing 

 any visible modification, inasmuch as we have taken 

 care to exclude the germs of the atmosphere. A little 

 stopper of cotton sifts the air which enters or issues 

 from the vase through changes of temperature. Let us 

 take one of our series of culture preparations — the hun- 

 dredth or the thousandth, for instance- -and compare it 

 in respect to its virulence with the blood of a fowl which 

 has died of cholera ; in other words, let us inoculate un- 

 der the skin ten fowls, for instance, each separately with 

 a tiny drop of infectious blood, and ten others with a 

 similar quantity of the liquid in which the deposit has 

 first been shaken up. Strange to say, the latter ten 

 fowls will die as quickly and with the same symptoms as 

 the former ten ; the blood of all will be found to contain 

 after death the same minute infectious orgauisms. This 

 equality, so to speak, in the virulence both of the culture 

 preparation and of the blood is due to an apparently 

 futile circumstance. I have made a hundred cuiture 

 preparations — at least, I have understood that this was 

 done — without leaving any considerable interval between 



* " International Medical Congress." London, 1881. 



