440 



SCIENCE. 



Different Headings, with One or Two Examples. 



Macrochrone. 



Eon. 



Period. 







Era. 



Epoch. 



MlCHROCHRONE. 



(Greatly extended time.) 



Examples. 

 Neptunia 

 (all aqueous rocks.) 



(" A space of time, a 

 lite-time.") 



Paleozoic Eon. 



("An intetval of inde- 

 finite time.") 

 f I'ermia 



Carbonaria 

 -j Devonia 

 [Siluria 



(" A succession of years 

 between two fixed 

 points.") 

 1 Austria (Mt. limest.) 



( Cambria 



(" A pause.") 



\ Iowaia 

 i Potsdamia 

 / Acadia 



(Comparatively short 

 time.) 



) Karkaskia, St. Louis, 

 "| etc., etc. 



Examples Showing the Adaptability of Certain Headings to Most of the Modern Languages. 



System. 

 (*' An assemblage of ob- 

 jects ranged in regular 

 sub-ordination, or re- 

 lated by some common 

 law.") 



2v6et;/ix (to) 



Le systeme. 



Das System, 



II sistema. 



El sistema. 



Sub-system. 



Group. 

 1 An assemblage of ob- 

 jects in a certain) 

 order.'') 



Le Groupe. 



Die Grilggen. 



11 gruppo. 



El griipo. 



Sub-group or Section. 

 Sectio 



La section. 



Die section . 



La sezione. 



La secci'jn. 

 r g>ade or metnber^ 

 with slight modifica- 

 tions can be used in 

 the above languages. 



Abbreviated Forms With Some Examples. 



For Periods. 

 Roman numerals, 

 1,11, III, etc., or 

 Capital letters 

 ABC, etc., applied thus 



I = Silusia. 

 or A = " 



For Eras. 

 Arabic numerals 



i, 2, 3, etc., 

 applied thus : 



( 2. = Canadia 

 f x. = Cambria 



For Epochs. 

 Small letters 

 a, b, c, etc., 

 [repeated for the epochs 



of each era.] 

 ( 2 b = Vitre-Murcia 



For Members^ 

 marks used to the right 

 and above the era 

 letter, similar to the 

 power-sign in mathe- 

 matics. 



"I 2 a =Llandeils-Esthonia Thus to designate the 

 j i b = Potsdamia \ Burlington member of 



Acadia the Iowa subcarnifer- 



ous. we would write : 

 III. 9 a " or C. 9°a" 



of the leading present equivalents is submitted below, in 

 which it will be observed that one great object, kept in 

 view, was the recording particularly by the Epoch names, 

 such localities as are noted for having given us remark- 

 able fossils, characteristic of that peculiar formation, 

 whether found in well-known regions of Europe and 

 America, or in such distant countries as Patagonia, N, 

 Zealand, the Cape of Good Hope, Greenland or Spitz- 

 burgen, etc. 



NOTE TO TABLE I. 



To further facilitate the understanding of some of the 

 suggestions submitted, a tabular view is subjoined, giv- 

 ing different headings, with their definitions from standard 

 dictionaries, as well as a conspectus of the symbols. 

 NOTE TO TABLE 2. 



Probably some difficulties, and, despite of care exer- 

 cised, some errors in the details may be pointed out ; but 

 if the general principles are found acceptable, or sug- 

 gestive of such discussion as may ultimately lead to uni- 

 fication of our Geological Nomenclature, the object 

 proposed, in the preparation of this paper, will be at- 

 tained. 



A NEW MATERIAL FOR STOP-COCKS AND 

 STOPPERS FOR REAGENT BOTTLES.* 

 By H. W. Wiley. 



For some time I have been working with a compound 

 invented by Mr. T. J. Mayall, of Reading, Mass., and 

 known as the Mayall metal. One form of this compound 

 was intended as a material for journals, pneumatic tubes, 

 etc. -It is made of 5 to 6 parts-graphite, 1 part rubber 

 and y z part sulphur. Instead of sulphur, sulphide of 

 antimony can be used. The material is a perfect selt- 

 lubricant and to a high degree resists the action of acids 

 and alkalis. 



From its properties I was led to believe that it would 

 * Read before the A. A. A. S., Cincinnati, 1881. 



be especially useful for chemical apparatus, in the manu- 

 facture of stop-cocks, connecting tubes, etc. My expec- 

 tations were fully realized. 



I have used it with success for burettes, cocks for hy- 

 dro-sulphuric acid, stoppers for hydrote bottles, etc, 

 These never stick, no difference how firmly they are 

 pressed in nor how long they are left. The material is 

 firm and elastic and will hold threads nearly as well as a 

 metal. 



I regard it as peculiarly useful for stop-cocks for acids, 

 especially hydro-sulphuric. It is capable of a high polish, 

 and will not tarnish. Slightly modified in composition 

 it is used for covering houses and plating the bottoms of 

 ships. Placed on ships it seems to prevent entirely the 

 adhesion of barnacles. Strange as it may seem, it also 

 makes an excellent insulating material for telegraph 

 wires. I have not yet tried the effect of ozone upon it 

 and only partially of permanganate of potassium. 



PHONETICS OF THE KAYOWE LANGUAGE* 

 By Albert S. Gatschet. 



Books printed in Indian languages often render those 

 tongues in a most imperfect manner, on account of the 

 deficient knowledge of Indian phonetics on the part of 

 the authors. The Kayowe language is a fair average 

 specimen of Indian pronunciation, and is very rich in 

 sounds, having no less than forty-four sounds, if we 

 count in the long and the nasalized vowels. In its pho- 

 netic series the most conspicuous fact is the prevalence 

 of the nasals and the total absence of dsh, tch, which are 

 so conspicuously frequent in the majority of American 

 languages, of r and ot v. The palatal series is represented 

 by one consonant only ; the guttural and dental series 

 are well represented, while in the labial series p, b, and m 

 are the only frequent sounds. F is found in some words 

 only, where it alternates with p, pai, or fai, land, earth. 

 Among the sounds not frequently met with are sh, w. 



* Read before the A. A. A. S., Cincinnati, 1881, 



