GLACIAL WATERS IN THE LAKE ERIE BASIN 



29 



At Bennington comers and westward, and west of Folsomdale, 

 the channels are excellently developed, specially the lower ones, 

 leading toward Williston, which are cut in the rock. 



Cowlesville to Attica and Batavia [pi. 5]. This section of 

 country with its remarkable display of ice border channels lies 

 between the Cayuga and Tonawanda valleys, a diagonal distance 

 from Cowlesville to Batavia of 18 miles. 



The highest known outlet is about 2 miles west of North Java, and 

 carried the waters of the Varysburg-Johnsonburg lake over to the 

 Java-Wales lake. This outlet channel heads where the railroad 

 makes the upper crossing of the Tonawanda creek, 1 \ miles west 

 of North Java, and leads west and southwest through a moraine, 

 i\ miles, over to a branch of Buffalo creek which flows south from 

 Frink's Corners. The aneroid altitude is about 1500 feet. (Some 

 higher stream work was seen in the village of North Java just 

 south of the corners. This evidently carried the overflow of the 

 North Weathersfield valley, a branch of the Tonawanda, westward 

 past the ice front and built a delta close to the village on the south- 

 west at over 1600 feet. This indicates that some temporary outlet 

 for the North Java waters existed on the west at an elevation 

 correlating with the delta, and superior to, and earlier in time than, 

 the channel by the railroad.) 



The next lower escape to the west was by the channels north 

 of North Sheldon, already noted above. At this time a single 

 body of water existed in both the Tonawanda and Cayuga valleys, 

 since the broad swamp col at the head of Cayuga creek, near 

 Perry's Crossing on the Buffalo, Attica & Arcade Railroad opens 

 into the Tonawanda valley at about 1380 feet. 



When the overflow was lowered to the channels at Bennington 

 Corners, at and under 1360 feet, the Cayuga valley held a distinct 

 lake, the Humphrey Hollow lake, and the Varysburg-Johnsonburg 

 lake may have been tributary to it for a time by overflow through 

 the Perry's Crossing col. 



The Varysburg-Johnsonburg lake found direct escape past the 

 ice. border when ground was opened south of Bennington Center 

 with altitude below 1380. These channels are sharp cuts across 

 the north-south road, and terminate in conspicuous deltas south- 

 west of Bennington, with altitude 1300 down to 1200 feet. 



When the ice front had retired sufficiently a new channel was 

 opened for the Tonawanda waters, the Kanawaugus valley, leading 

 across south of Poland Hill through Bennington to the Cayuga 

 valley east of Folsomdale. This is now a circuitous route and for 



