40 



NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



4 Same lake, third stage. Outlet into Humphrey Hollow lake by 



the swamp col at Perry's Crossing station, 1380 ± feet. 



5 Same lake, fourth stage. Direct outlet past the ice border 



south of Bennington, under 1380. 



6 Attica waters, many stages. Outlets between Darien. and 

 Batavia. 



In valleys east of the Tonawanda creek 



The local lakes mentioned thus far were in valleys of the present 

 Erie drainage. But during the glacial-epoch and the episode which 

 we are studying the valleys far to the eastward were tributary to the 

 Erian waters, as already noted [p. 32]. 



The eastward extent of the territory which was drained by the 

 Bethany-Batavia channels is not yet certain, but at its maximum 

 it may have reached nearly to Syracuse. One determining element 

 in the problem is the plane of the Newberry waters which had their 

 outlet south, through Horseheads and Elmira, at the present alti- 

 tude of 900 feet. The Newberry plane rises toward the north, like 

 all of the glacial lake levels, and on the parallel of Batavia should have 

 an altitude of about 975, or 100 feet over the Warren plane. With 

 present partial knowledge of the trend of the ice front in the Finger 

 Lakes district it seems probable that this front lay far enough to the 

 north to allow free passage westward to the Newberry waters during 

 the life of the Batavia channels. If this were the fact then the 

 channels lying north of East Bethany, or from 975 to 950 feet, 

 carried Newberry waters and diverted the flow from the south- 

 leading Horseheads outlet, and all the territory as far east as Owasco 

 and Skaneateles valleys was drained through the Batavia channels. 

 Whether the above suggestion is true or not, it seems certain that 

 the valleys of Oatka, Genesee, Conesus, Hemlock and Honeoye 

 were tributary to Erian waters. 



The Batavia channels might seem incapacious for the volume of 

 water that would be contributed by so large a drainage area and 

 from so long a frontage of melting glacier. But the scourways were 

 not cut deep for the reason that they were already so low relative 

 to their baselevel, the Warren plane. From Batavia to the Warren 

 plane west of Corfu is about 12 miles, with a fall of about 30 feet. 

 The Batavia plane and the buried moraine south and southwest 

 show the effects of a large volume of water with a sluggish flow. 



The earliest lake in the Oatka valley, called the Warsaw lake, had 

 its outlet southward through Silver Springs at altitude of about 

 1400 feet. The channels above described, at Linden and the Beth- 



