54 



NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Hanover Center (Silver Creek) to Gowanda. In this section and 

 the next one the Whittlesey beach swings far inland and all the 

 phenomena are complicated. 



On the meridian of Walnut and Silver creeks and Forestville the 

 beaches lie on a delta, accumulated partly by glacial drainage and 

 partly by the two existing creeks, in the successive lake waters. 

 The Whittlesey beach retains its simplicity but the Warren bars 

 are multiple. Between the two creeks the Whittlesey is a straight 

 ridge miles long with northeast course. East of Silver creek 

 for 3 miles it is mostly a cut cliff on the face of the moraine. From 

 an angle of the Indian Reservation (if miles northeast of Smiths 

 Mills) it is followed by the highway, chiefly as a ridge, with a trend 

 south of east for 2\ miles; then it leaves the road and swinging 

 around to the southeast follows along the south side of the Catta- 

 raugus valley, mainly as a gravel ridge, for a distance of about 5 

 miles, or to within 2 miles of Gowanda. Above Gowanda the 

 narrow Cattaraugus valley is a postglacial ravine and the old 

 valley is blocked with drift, whence it would seem that the Whit- 

 tlesey waters did not reach beyond the village, although the level 

 would today extend far up the gorge valley. The altitude of the 

 beach south of the Cattaraugus creek is 840 feet, according to the 

 map contours. 



Between the Walnut and Silver creeks along the north and south 

 road the Warren shore is represented by at least four ridges, of 

 which the two extremes correspond to the two strong ridges west 

 of Walnut creek. The vertical interval is 25 feet. At Hanover 

 Center and eastward there are several bars, the village corners 

 lying on the higher Warren, which is followed by the road north- 

 east for \\ miles. Farther east the road, about a mile long and 

 connecting two roads, lies above fragmental bars of the higher 

 Warren. North of the east terminus of this road and on the north 

 and south road, in the reentrant right angle of the Indian Reserva- 

 tion are two clean-cut gravel ridges with smooth clay soil inter- 

 spaces. These bars are beyond the limits of any delta, on a clay 

 slope, about \ mile apart, and with vertical interval of about 13 

 feet. 



Eastward from the point noted above the lower Warren beach 

 lies along the top of the bluff, south of the Cattaraugus creek in the 

 Indian Reservation ; while the higher Warren bars lie at the angle 

 of the road in the west limits of the Reservation and continue 

 east along the 800 foot contour. The bars have not been contin- 

 uously traced in the Reservation as the ground is in timber and with 



