219 



In the males, the black on the throat is sharply defined below, 

 whereas in the females it gradually blends with the russet grey 

 of the neck. This disparity, however, cannot ahvays be relied on 

 in distinguishing the sexes, at least in winter. 



The stomachs of these individuals were filled almost ex- 

 clusively with the entire or dismembered bodies of Tipnlidæ, of the 

 species Ctoiophora. One of the males, shot in a juniper-bush, had 

 one or two of the berries in his gullet. 



In the neighbourhood of Christiania, they sometimes stay as late 

 as April (in 1860, the last were seen on the 4th, in 1867, on the 21st, in 

 1869, on the 8th of that month). They were uncommonly numerous in 

 the winters of 1866—67 and 1871—72, particulary in the month 

 of January 1872, when they appeared in immense flocks, consisting 

 of thousands of individuals, and were brought in cart-loads to the 

 game-market of Christiania. The plentiful supply of roanberries 

 sufficiently accounted for their numbers. 



Alauda arvensis, Lin. 



Sang every day near my station on Tamsø, in the Porsangerfjord 

 (70° 40'), in the beginning of July 1872. In East Finmark, it was 

 found breeding at Tanen in 1851, by Smf. 



An individual — possibly wintering — was observed in Smaa- 

 lehnene, Feb. Ist 1872. I myself came across two or three stray 

 birds near Christiania, 31st January 1861, and the following days. 

 Otocorys alp es tris, Lin. 



In certain parts, as numerous in West as in East Finmark. 

 I found it in the summer of 1872 in all favourable localities on 

 the shores of the Porsangerfjord, and even at Gjæsvær, west of 

 the North Cape. It prefers the surface of barren granite rocks, 

 thinly clad with grass or lichens, or of half naked boulders. At 

 Vadsø, they are common in the streets of the town, and in the 

 sandy churchyard, and are even found breeding on Renø, near 

 Vardø. On the island of Tamsø, I observed them repeatedly search- 

 ing for food close to the houses, in heaps of refuse. 



So late as the end of June, the males were indefatigable 

 songsters. They would ascend into the air, and, singing as they rose, 



