CONTENTS 



347 



instances of their occurrence in former years given by writers, 423. One specimen con- 

 tained in the National Museum at Washington, 423. Information asked for in the cir- 

 cular distributed: where seen — when first seen — comparative abundance — abund- 

 ance compared with preceding return — were the emerging holes seen — the above- 

 ground buildings seen — when their " screeching " was first heard — when was oviposi- 

 tion first observed — effect of the oviposition — injury to fruit-trees or grapevines — in 

 what vegetation was oviposition made — were persons injured by their stiDg — to what 

 extent eaten by the English sparrow — insect attacks upon it — any fungus attack 

 noticed — was the small variety, Cassinii seen — when the last "screeching" was 

 heard — when the last insects were seen — did it reappear wherever it occurred (n 1877, 

 424. Comparatively few replies made to above questions, 425. The usual neglect in 

 responding to similar inquiries, 435. The photographs secured illustrating pupal build- 

 ings, 425. 



Psylla pyricola, the Pear-Tree Psylla 425 



When the preceding report (ix) was written, the insect was not known to occur in 

 Western New York, 425. Since then it has been reported in Yates county, 425. The 

 attack not a severe one, 426. It Is stated that it is now recognized as having been in 

 Livingston county during ten years past, 426. Many pear-trees killed, 426. In Eastern 

 New York, abundant in orchards in Greene county; preference for certain varieties, 426. 



Remarkable Abi-ndance of Aphides or Plant-Lice in 1893 426 



The apple-tree aphis unusually abundant in May, 426. Letters of inquiry received, 426. 

 Spraying recommended unless heavy rains ensued, 4?6. Apprehension of hop-growers, 

 426. Conditions similar to 1886 when the hop crop was almost an entire loss, 426. Hop- 

 growers were urged to spray as soon as the first aphides appeared on the vines, 426. 

 Directions for making and using kercsene emulsion given, 425. A communication made 

 to the American Farmer in response to inquiry, 426. Plant-lice very abundant on open- 

 ing buds in New York this year, 427. Multiplication of the apple-tree aphis, 427. Prob- 

 able effect upon the coming fruit crop, 427. Prudence suggests that fruit-trees should 

 be sprayed without delay, 428. Recent heavy rains have failed to destroy the plant-lice, 

 428. Hop-growers should be watchful, 428. The earliest hopvine aphis may be expected 

 during the last of May, 428. Importance of promptly killing the migrants from plum- 

 trees, 428. Dependence of European hop-growers on "hop washings," 428. The hopvine 

 aphis distributed over entire fields in Waterville, N. Y., in early June, 428. A leaf of 

 one-fourth inch area contained twenty-five winged migrants, 428. An average in former 

 years of twenty-five migrants on a large leaf, would tbe present year be two hundred 

 and fifty, 428-429. New York counties reporting unusual abundance of aphides, 429. 

 Where the hopvine aphis has been the most destructive, 429. The rapidity of its work, 

 429. 



Ark Aphides Eaten by Spiders? 429 



A statement that spiders protect fruit-trees from aphides, 429. Not sustained by 

 observation, 429. Aphides can not be their " natural food, 1 ' 429. May feed upon them 



