REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 473 



against the back. If taken out they move slowly and have no power 

 to walk. The bristles on the last three segments are then partly 

 broken off." 



It is probable that P. rufescens completes its round of life in nearly 

 the same manner, though, as shown in the preceding, its growth is 

 more rapid. 



Pupa of European Species. 

 The pupa of an European species of Panorpa, as figured and 

 described by Westwood,* is inactive. The limbs are laid along the 

 breast and the antennae along the sides. The head is less elongated 

 than in the imago. The pupa was found an inch below the surface in 

 moist earth at the foot of an alder stump. 



Bittacus strigosus Hagen. 

 The general appearance of this insect is quite different from that of 

 Panorpa. Its body is more slender and the sides more flattened. 

 Were it not for the long beak, which is much more pointed and especially 

 adapted for piercing, the relationship between the two genera would 

 scarcely be suspected. Upon closer examination, however, the affinity 

 becomes clearer. For example, the venation of the wings in the two 



Fig 24.— Venation of Bittacus STRtoosus. The homology of the veins was determined by 



Prof. J. H. Comstock 



genera is very similar (Fig. 24). The minute mouth-parts and other 

 organs also show the relationship existing between them. 



*Introduct. Class. Insects, vol. ii, pp. 52, 53, figs. 65, 18. 1840. 



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