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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



blue clay weathered to red in the upper portion and the blue is 

 stratified. Gravel underlies the clay. The red clay is chiefly 

 used as it burns a better colored brick than the blue. The dry 

 press process is used and the bricks are burnt in kilns of the 

 Flood type. These are both up and down draft. They are 18 

 by 54 feet and have 20-inch walls, which are lined with fire 

 brick from the doors up. There are four fireplaces on each of 

 the long sides and between these is a series of smaller ones con- 

 nected with a set of flues opening into the lower part of the kiln 

 to give an up draft. Wood fires are started in these smaller fire- 

 places for water smoking. The larger openings connecting with 

 individual pockets on the inner wall of the kiln lead the fire into 

 the upper portions first whence it passes downward through the 

 kiln and off through a large flue at the bottom. Water smoking 

 takes 10 days and burning eight days. The whole time for burn- 

 ing, water smoking and cooling taking about three weeks. The 

 molded bricks are set directly in the kiln on coming from the 

 machine. 



Oswego Falls. W. D. Eclgarton. The brick yard is situated on 

 the Syracuse and Oswego railroad, 11 miles from Oswego. The 

 clay varies from three to five feet in thickness and is yellow. It 

 is underlain by gravel. A few inches soil has to be stripped. 

 The lower portions of the clay make the better brick. Soft 

 mud machines are used and both common and repressed brick 

 are made. 



Weedsport, Cayuga Co. There is a brick yard at this locality 

 belonging to Mrs. C. S. Gilette', but it is not in operation. 



Auburn, Cayuga Co. John Harvey's brick yard is situated on 

 the outskirts of the town. 



Owasco, Cayuga Co. A. Lester has a brick and tile yard near 

 the village. It is described under the head of drain tile. 



Seneca Falls, Seneca Co. There is only one brick yard at this 

 locality, that of F. Siegfried. His clay bed is about 12 feet 

 thick, the upper seven feet being used for brick and the lower 

 five feet for tile. Gravel underlies the clay and there is a cover- 

 ing of a few inches of soil. The machinery is run by horse power 

 and the product is sold locally. 



