BRICK YARDS 



215 



brownish above. The brown clay is more sandy, and there are 

 six or eight feet of it. Over the brown is a less gritty and 

 tougher clay, which runs nearly to the surface. The total height 

 of the bank is about 25 feet, but the front is broken up into 

 several wide benches. Springs issue from several sandy spots in 

 the blue clay. In making the brick the different grades of clay 

 are mixed together, and a certain proportion of sand, and also 

 some coal dust added. King pits are used for tempering. The 

 brick are dried on an open yard and burned in scove kilns. They 

 settle eight to ten inches in burning. 



West Neck, Suffolk Co. The clay at this locality rises in a bank 

 to a height of over 100 feet. There are three yards but only two 

 of them are active. Both are along the east shore of Cold Spring 

 Harbor. The most southern one belongs to Dr. Jones. The 

 clay in this bank is of a red and brown color, there being 

 about 25 feet of the latter at the bottom and above it is the red 

 which is of a more sandy nature. There is an upper covering of 

 15 ur 20 feet of yellow gravel and sand, which after screening is 

 used for tempering. This latter is done in ring pits. All the 

 machinery is run by horse power. The bricks are dried on an 

 open yard and burnt in scove kilns. The product is loaded on 

 schooners and sent to New England and New York City. The 

 lower brown clay has been used for coarser grades of pottery, 

 and its composition is given below: 



Silica 61.01 



Alumina 19.23 



Peroxide of iron 5.43 



Lime 0.96 



Magnesia 1.S8 



Alkalies 4.60 



93.11 



Adjoining Jones' yard is that of Crossman Brothers. It is 

 leased by ¥m. Hammond. The clay in his bank is similar to that 

 of Jones'. The yard is also an open one, steam power being used 

 for running the machines and the tempering is done in rectangu- 

 lar pits. 



