DESCRIPTION OF MARBLE AND LIMESTONE QUARRIES 433 



Mapes Corner, Orange County.— The quarries on Mount 

 Lookout near Orange Farm station of the Pine Island Branch 

 railroad furnish s:one to Goshen, Chester and the adjacent 

 country. The stone occurs in thick beds and is adapted for 

 massive wall work. The Presbyterian, Methodist Episcopal and 

 Roman Catholic churches in Goshen and the Roman Catholic 

 church in Chester are examples in construction. 



Newburg. — Blue limestone is quarried southwest of the city, 

 near the old Cochecton turnpike, and on the north slope of Snake 

 Hill. It has been used largely for retaining walls and founda- 

 tions in the city. St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church is 

 built of stone from this range. North of the city there is a small 

 quarry on the river road. 



New Hamburg, Dutchess County. — The quarry, two miles 

 north of iSew Hamburg, is worked for bridge stone for the 

 N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co. and for ballast. 



Kingston, Ulster County. — The outcrops of the Onondaga 

 limestone formation in the city have afforded stone for build- 

 ing from the earliest settlement of the place, and the old stone- 

 houses are in part built of this stone. Quarries have been opened 

 from the Kingston and Rondout railroad on Main street, and 

 near Union avenue southwest to the cemetery, and near Washing- 

 ton and Pearl streets in the western part of the city. The beds 

 are from two to eight feet thick. Two well-marked systems of 

 vertical joints divide the rock into blocks of a size convenient for 

 quarrying. Freshly-fractured surfaces of this limestone are of a 

 dark-blue shade ; weathered surfaces are gray, in some cases 

 brown-yellow. Thin seams of argillaceous or more clayey rock, 

 from one sixteenth to one-fourth of an inch, alternating irregu- 

 larly with the calcareous portions, cause unequal wear in exposed 

 faces and develop lines of dirty yellow in the gray background of 

 the stone, which are unsightly. They do not, however, impair 

 seriously its strength or durability, except when the stone is set 

 on edge. Some chert and scattering crystals of pyrite occur in 

 some of the surface beds, but the lower and thicker beds appear to 

 be free from these minerals. The stone is best adapted for founda- 

 tions and for heavy masonry as it is hard, dense, very strong and 

 to be had in large blocks. These quarries have furnished the 

 great bulk of stone used in Kingston. The piers of the Pough 



