Marl. 



This material is found in many places throughout the State. 

 Dutchess, Columbia, Orange, Ulster, Greene and Albany counties 

 have many small deposits ; in central and western New York 

 there are large deposits in Onondaga and Madison counties, 

 particularly in the Cowaselon swamp ; it is also found in Cayuga, 

 Wayne, Seneca, Ontario, Monroe, Genesee and Niagara counties. 



It is a deposit formed in standing water and consists chiefly of 

 carbonate of lime. It is largely used as a fertilizer, but is also 

 employed in the manufacture of Portland cement as at Warners, 

 Onondaga county, by the Empire Portland Cement Co., at 

 Montezuma and at Wayland, Steuben county, by Millen & Co. 



Iron Ores. 



The iron ores of New York have been carefully studied and 

 described by Prof. J. C. Smock, who has published his results in 

 Bulletin No. 7 of the New York State Museum and by Mr. 

 Bayard F. Putnam who contributed an article on this subject to 

 the volume on Mining Industries (No. XV) in the report of the 

 Tenth Census. These two important papers taken together give 

 a most complete review of the sources of iron in New York. 

 Our knowledge of the Adirondack ores is supplemented by the 

 work of Prof. J. F. Kemp, which is contained in Bulletin No. 13 

 of the New York State Museum, entitled the Geology of Moriah 

 and Westport townships. The localities of all the principal mines 

 are shown on the economic map. The following is a brief extract 

 from Prof. Smock's bulletin. 



