Molding Sand. 



Sand for molding is found in Albany county immediately 

 below the surface soil. When this is removed the sand is 

 skimmed off to a depth of about six inches. It is quite 

 extensively shipped from the town of Bethlehem. Near Pough- 

 keepsie molding sand is obtained from a silicious limestone 

 which, in decomposing, leaves a fine sand which has been found 

 very satisfactory for this purpose. 



Garnet. 



Garnet is mined or quarried in New York State in and 

 near the valley of the upper Hudson river in Warren county on 

 the borders of the Adirondack region. It all appears to be of the 

 common variety, Almandite, and occurs in a formation of 

 crystalline limestone which appears to form the bed-rock of the 

 valley in the vicinity of North Creek and Minerva and in gneissic 

 rocks which adjoin or are intercalated with the crystalline lime- 

 stone. It is found in segregated masses of varying sizes from 

 that of a pigeon's egg to a diameter of 20 feet. It is commercially 

 classified as massive garnet, shell garnet and pocket garnet, the 

 former being impure from the admixture of other minerals. 

 The shell garnet is almost entirely pure and the most valuable 

 for industrial purposes. The pocket garnet is that which occurs 

 in small segregations or incipient crystals in the gneiss. Garnet 

 is also found in Delaware county, Pa., where it is quarried under 

 the name of " Kose" garnet by Herman Behr & Co., to 

 the extent of about 1,000 tons annually. It occurs there in small 

 crystals thickly disseminated through a quartzose gneiss. There 

 is also a deposit of garnet at Chester, Pa., which is worked to 



