HARRISONS' NURSERIES, BERLIN, MARYLAND 



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Orchard planting plan, diagonal system. No. 1 trees per- 

 manent; No. 3 tree fillers to be removed in about ten years; 

 No. 2 tree fillers to be removed in twenty years. 



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Orchard planting plan, diagonal system, with two fillers 

 between permanent trees. No. 1 trees permanent; No. 3 

 trees to be removed in eight or ten years; No. 2 trees to 

 be removed in eighteen or twenty years. 



See that no water stands around where the trees 

 are trenched. Dig a ditch leading off from where 

 the trees are trenched, to carry off the surface 

 water. Be careful to see that all straw and moss are 

 removed from the trees before trenching. When 

 unpacking and trenching, if the least bit dr}-, 

 ''puddle" the roots before heehng-in. jNIix a suffi- 

 cient quantity of loamy soil with water till it makes 

 a thick paste, and dip the roots in this until all are 

 well covered. When planting, take only a few trees 

 out of the trenches at one time, just as you need 

 them. By exposing the roots as httle as possible 

 the trees will keep in much better condition. 



FROZEN TREES. ^Mien trees are frozen in 

 shipment, bury the box, with the trees in it, a foot 

 or more deep, that is, cover it with a foot of earth. 

 If not possible, put the box in a cellar, where the 

 trees will thaw out slowly. You can leave them 

 there for weeks untouched. After they are thawed 

 out, the roots in each end of the box should be 

 dampened from time to time. When free from 

 frost, trees should be heeled-in at some protected 

 place, if possible. In cold sections, it is a good idea 

 to trench-in trees — roots and branches. In warmer 

 sections, it is enough to cover the roots and lower 

 third of the trunks, and let the tops stick out. They 

 wiU come out fresh in the spring, and -udth more 

 vitahty. A good way is to dig a trench 2 feet deep, 

 with a long slant toward the south on one side, then 

 put the trees in with tops a foot or more higher 

 than the roots, and cover the entire tree with dii't. 



HOW Tp PLANT. We advise djmamiting the 

 tree-holes, if possible, placing the charge about 18 

 inches deep._ A third or half of a stick will be 

 enough. This wiU. loosen and heave the soil and 

 not throw it out. You will find that the effect of 

 djmamiting, compared with digging only, wiU be 

 noticeable for two or three years in the growth of 

 the trees. In case you decide to dig the holes, be 



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Orchard planting plan, modified square system. No. 1 

 trees permanent; No. 3 tree fillers to be removed in about 

 ten years; No. 2 tree fillers to be removed in about twenty 

 years. 40 ft. apart each way is a good distance for perma- 

 nent trees. 



sure to make them large enough so there is plenty 

 of room for the roots without crowding or breaking 

 them. 



Trees should be set about 2 inches deeper than 

 they stood in the nursery-. See that the holes are 

 opened up deeper than you want to set the trees, 

 and fill in a few inches with top-soil. As you fiU in 

 more top-soil about the roots, keep working the 

 tree up and do-wn vigorously, to fill all air-spaces. 

 Keep packing the dirt. When the hole is half fiUed 

 in, you can apply one pound of steamed bone. 



Then finish filling in. Be sure the dirt is made 

 tight, "i^ou can't get it too sohd. Use a smaU maul, 

 or your feet. Come down on it with as many pounds 

 as you can muster. A couple of inches at the top, 

 however, should be loose, as a mulch. During the 

 winter the winds wiU sway the tree about to a cer- 

 tain extent, making a funnel in the dirt around the 

 stem. All of this should be corrected in early 

 spring by tamping. 



PLANTING PLANS. ]Many are using three 

 peach trees to one apple tree with success; others 

 prefer using two apple fillers. (See diagram.) 

 We recommend the following apples as fillers in an 

 apple orchard. A very desirable early kind is 

 Yellow Transparent, because the limbs of this va- 

 riety grow upward. It can be pruned to suit con- 

 ditions. Grimes' Golden is a short-hved tree, and 

 begins to bear vevx early. A httle later in the 

 season is Wealthy, which is a rather dwarf grower 

 and a fine fiUer; Duchess of Oldenburg is dwarf, 

 also bears early and ripens early. Wagener is the 

 dwarfest of aU, and is an exceedingly fine variety 

 for this purpose. Mcintosh also makes an excellent 

 fiUer. 



In recommending these fillers, we take it that the 

 man who plants them is planting for profit and is 

 planting to succeed — planting to get the most money 

 from his acres. One hundred and ten trees to the 

 acre soon get too thick, but they pay weU during 

 the first few years. We take it that we are talking 

 to people who will have nerve enough when the 

 proper time comes to cut out the fiUers. 



We know of instances where the apple fiUers have 

 paid the price of the land, the cost of the trees and 

 aU expenses of operation, before they were at aU in 

 the way of the standard trees. We know of other 

 orchards where three peach trees to one apple tree 

 have been planted, and the peach trees have paid 

 the entire expenses before they interfered with the 

 apple trees. Bear in mind that unless fillers are cut 

 out in time they will interfere and prevent standards 

 from making as much growth as they should. But 

 the profit from fillers with proper care, makes it well 



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