NURSERYMEN—ORCHARDISTS 9 
3 
Spraying 
Spraying is a vital necessity if money is to be made from fruit. 
It doesn’t pay to miss one season, even if enemies are not visible. 
Spraying has an invigorating effect on trees, besides controlling 
enemies. 
There are three classes of enemies spraying will control—- 
-chewing insects, sucking insects, and fungi. Each class requires a 
different remedy, but the remedies can be combined most of the 
time. 
Spraying during the dormant period is distinctly different from 
spraying on foliage. Materials several times as strong can be 
used and are needed to control the scales. 
On account of the life-habits of enemies, often only two to 
seven days are available for any one spraying. Do the work 
then. Put the material on with force and cover every inch of 
bark and leaf. 
Get a sprayer that is big enough, that will give one hundred to 
two hundred and fifty pounds of air pressure, that is adapted to 
your land and trees, and that is durable. Get a power outfit, if 
possible, for it does better work than a hand-pump can. 
The spraying programme ordinarily resolves itself into two, 
three or four applications—one while trees are dormant, with 
lime-sulphur solution, and the others on blossoms and fruit with 
self-boiled lime-sulphur, or diluted lime-sulphur, with arsenate of 
lead added, or maybe with Bordeaux and lead. All applications 
must be guided by careful study. 
Borers will attack fruit trees in spite of all we can do, and will 
kill many trees if left alone. Trees must be gone over several 
times each year, and should be gone over each April and August. 
Spraying and painting with lime-sulphur sediment will help in 
keeping down the numbers of borers. 
The table of spraying operations (see preceding page) gives all 
the information needed to keep your trees in prime condition. 
The main point is to spray at the RIGHT TIME. (We are in- 
debted to the Maryland State College of Agriculture for this 
complete table and formulas. ) 
FORMULAS FOR SPRAY MIXTURES 
1. CONCENTRATED LIME-SULFUR—Home-Made: 
Best stone lime (at least 95% calcium oxide)....... 50 lbs. 
Sulfur (any kind finely ground, 98% pure)......... 100 Ibs. 
Wa Sere ee RE ee Saat a ee nee eee PD Ueieais. 
Heat 20 gals. of water in an iron vat or by steam in barrels; add 
stone lime and sulfur gradually. Vigorous action will take place and 
cold water should be near at hand to be added gradually, to make a 
total of about 55 gals. Boil for 1 nour. For dormant spraying. dilute 
at the rate of 1 gal. to 9 gals. of water. For summer spray, dilute 1 
gal. to 40 gals. of water. 
