222 



EEV. J. T. GTJLTCK ON DIVERGENT EVOLUTION 



the weak is not a form of Segregation, bat rather a cause that 

 prepares the way for Segregation, by forcing portions of the 

 community out of their inherited relatious to the environment. 



CHAPTEE III. 



Description and Classification of the Causes of 

 Cumulative Segregation.* 



A. Environal Segregation. 



Environal Segregation is Segregation arising from the relations 

 in which the organism stands to the environment. 



It includes four classes, which I call Industrial, Chronal, 

 Spatial, and Artificial Segregation.! 



(a) Industrial Segregation 



is Segregation arising from the activities by which the organism 

 protects itself against adverse influences in the environment, or 

 by which it finds and appropriates special resources in the 

 environment. 



The different forms of Industrial Segregation are Sustentational, 

 Proteetional, and Niditicational Segregation. 



Eor the production of Industrial Segregation it is necessary 

 that there should be, in the same environment, a diversity of 

 fully and of approximately available resources more or less 

 separated from each other, and in the organism some diversity 

 of adaptation to these resources, accompanied by powers of 

 search and of discrimination, bj which it is able to find the 

 resources for which it is best fitted and to adhere to the same 

 when found. 



The relation in which these causes stand to each other and 

 through which they produce segregation may be described as 

 separation according to endowment produced by endeavour 

 according to endowment. 



It is evident that if initial variation presents in any case a 

 diversity of adaptations to surrounding resources that cannot be 



* In the following chapters numerals are attached to what I consider sepa- 

 rate causes of segregation independent of human purpose. 



t Francis Galton has suggested another class, which might appropriately be 

 called FertiUzational Segregation. 



